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<title>
CUCC Austria Cave Surveying Guide
</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<title>CUCC Expo Surveying Handbook: What is a cave survey?</title>
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<body>
<h2 align=center>CUCC Expedition Handbook: Surveying<br>
What is a cave survey ?</h2>
<h2 style="text-align: center">CUCC Expo Surveying Handbook</h2>
<h1>What is a cave survey?</h1>
<p>This may seem like a trivial question - most people who have been caving a
few times have used cave surveys and can get some feel of what the cave is
like from them. But what actually goes into the making of such a "map" ?
few times have used cave surveys and can get some feel of what the cave is like
from them. But what actually goes into the making of such a "map"?</p>
<p>The idea of the survey is to produce a map of the cave that is accurate,
useful for route finding and possible connections (and look pretty). Enough
detail needs to be recorded that every passage is recognisable, whilst those
drawing up the map are aiming to convey a good overall view of the whole cave
- including structure that may be far from obvious in one individual passage.
The survey should also serve as a basis to "add value" like geological
information and clues to how the cave was formed. Some of these aims
conflict with one another when the survey is drawn up, but this is
part of the "art" of survey drawing.
The survey should also serve as a basis to "add value" like geological
information and clues to how the cave was formed. Some of these aims conflict
with one another when the survey is drawn up, but this is part of the "art" of
survey drawing.</p>
<p>Recording the data in the cave is fairly straightforward, if time
consuming. It does help to have an idea of how all the details that you
record will be used. To this end, everyone is encouraged to draw up a survey
to better understand the difficulties and thus to improve the standard of
recording.
recording.</p>
<p>The basic survey is simply a series of <b>straight</b> lines connecting a
number of points together. This is constructed by measuring the distance
@@ -40,90 +38,78 @@ from, as long as the notes make clear which end is <b>from</b> and which is
<b>to</b>. Taking readings from alternate ends, called <b>leapfrogging</b>,
is often the most efficient way to proceed, and helps mitigate <b>some</b>
systematic errors. (ie. start 1 to 2, then 3 to 2, 3 to 4, then 5 to 4, 5 to
6 etc.)
6 etc.)</p>
<p>Around this centre-line we need to draw passage detail in both plan and
elevation - recording the dimensions and sketch of the cave. Easy.
elevation - recording the dimensions and sketch of the cave. Easy.</p>
<p>However, the amount of information collectable is infinite and due to
cold, impending exhaustion and rapid approach of call-out or derigging, time
may be short. The handbook (in "<a href="how.htm">Methods: underground</a>")
sets out what is considered the essential information and a few ways to
<p>However, the amount of information collectable is infinite and due to cold,
impending exhaustion and rapid approach of call-out or derigging, time may be
short. The handbook (in "<a href="how.htm">Methods: underground</a>") sets out
what is considered the essential information and a few ways to
collect it. Teams of two or three are used. If there are two of you it is
generally accepted that one reads the instruments while the other writes it
down and sketches, each person finds their own survey station. With three,
two people can do as above while the third scouts for stations or one can do
the instruments, one records the figures and the third sketches.
the instruments, one records the figures and the third sketches.</p>
<p>A survey party will never survey everything they see - but you should take
particular care to note junctions, inaccessible passages and other possible
ways on in the survey book. Some idea of how promising the lead is should
always be recorded, as well as how hard it might be to get into. This will
form the basis of the "question mark list" which will guide exploration in
the future. That future may be as soon as another party a few hours behind,
or may be several years later - currently each expedition generates more new
question marks than it mops up old ones.
always be recorded, as well as how hard it might be to get into. This will form
the basis of the "question mark list" which will guide exploration in the
future. That future may be as soon as another party a few hours behind, or may
be several years later - currently each expedition generates more new question
marks than it mops up old ones.</p>
<p>One other aspect of surveying that is not often done whilst in the cave
is writing the passage description. Passage descriptions complement the
survey and may clarify things that cannot easily be shown on the map.
They are also a very useful cross check, helping to pick up some of the
blunders that are occasionally made. They are best written by the party
that does the surveying (though the initial explorers should also write
as good a description as they can), and there is perhaps a lot to be
said for actually doing this on the surveying trip rather than later
back at base camp.
<p>One other aspect of surveying that is not often done whilst in the cave is
writing the passage description. Passage descriptions complement the survey and
may clarify things that cannot easily be shown on the map. They are also a
very useful cross check, helping to pick up some of the blunders that are
occasionally made. They are best written by the party that does the surveying
(though the initial explorers should also write as good a description as they
can), and there is perhaps a lot to be said for actually doing this on the
surveying trip rather than later back at base camp.</p>
<p>Surface surveys are basically similar, with the purpose of mapping the
location of your cave, and how to get there. But there are enough differences
and additional things to consider that they have their
<a href="ontop.htm">own page</a>.
<a href="ontop.htm">own page</a>.</p>
<hr>
<hr />
<!-- LINKS -->
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/0.png">
<b>Expedition Handbook</b>:<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.png">
<b>Surveying</b>:<br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.png">
<a href="index.htm">Back to overview</a> and index of topics<br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.png">
<a href="why.htm">Why am I doing this ?</a><br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.png">
Methods: <a href="how.htm">underground</a><br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.png">
Pitfalls to avoid, <a href="hints.htm">hints'n'tips</a>
to make life easier<br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.png">
Methods: <a href="ontop.htm">surface</a><br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.png">
Getting a <a href="gps.htm">GPS fix</a><br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.png">
Base Camp: <a href="getin.htm">getting it in</a> to the computer<br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.png">
Base Camp: <a href="drawup.htm">drawing it up</a>,
writing the description<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.png">
Expo Handbook <a href="../index.htm">Introduction</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.png">
<a href="../look4.htm">Prospecting guide</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.png">
<a href="../rescue.htm">Rescue guide</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.png">
<a href="../rigit.htm">Rigging guide</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.png">
<a href="../photo.htm">Photography guide</a><br>
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/0.png">
<a href="../../infodx.htm">Index to info/topics pages</a><br>
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/0.png">
<a href="../../indxal.htm">Full Index to area 1623</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.png">
<a href="../../areas.htm">Area/subarea descriptions</a><br>
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<a href="../../index.htm">Back to Expedition Intro page</a><br>
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/0.png">
<a href="../../../index.htm">Back to CUCC Home page</a><br>
<ul id="links">
<li><b>Expedition Handbook</b>:
<ul>
<li>Expo Handbook <a href="../index.htm">Introduction</a></li>
<li><b>Surveying</b>:
<ul>
<li>Surveying <a href="index.htm">Overview</a> and index of
topics</li>
<li>What is a cave survey?</li>
<li><a href="why.htm">Why am I doing this ?</a></li>
<li>Methods: <a href="how.htm">underground</a></li>
<li>Pitfalls to avoid, <a href="hints.htm">hints'n'tips</a> to
make life easier</li>
<li>Methods: <a href="ontop.htm">surface</a></li>
<li>Base Camp: <a href="getin.htm">getting it in</a> to the
computer</li>
<li>Base Camp: <a href="drawup.htm">drawing it up</a>, writing
the description</li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="../look4.htm">Prospecting guide</a></li>
<li><a href="../rescue.htm">Rescue guide</a></li>
<li><a href="../rigit.htm">Rigging guide</a></li>
<li><a href="../photo.htm">Photography guide</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="../../infodx.htm">Index to info/topics pages</a></li>
<li><a href="../../indxal.htm">Full Index to area 1623</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../areas.htm">Area/subarea descriptions</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="../../index.htm">Back to Expedition Intro page</a></li>
<li><a href="../../../index.htm">Back to CUCC Home page</a></li>
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