import datetime import random import re import hashlib from django.conf import settings from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.contrib.sites.models import Site from django.db import models from django.db import transaction from django.template.loader import render_to_string from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _ SHA1_RE = re.compile('^[a-f0-9]{40}$') class RegistrationManager(models.Manager): """ Custom manager for the ``RegistrationProfile`` model. The methods defined here provide shortcuts for account creation and activation (including generation and emailing of activation keys), and for cleaning out expired inactive accounts. """ def activate_user(self, activation_key): """ Validate an activation key and activate the corresponding ``User`` if valid. If the key is valid and has not expired, return the ``User`` after activating. If the key is not valid or has expired, return ``False``. If the key is valid but the ``User`` is already active, return ``False``. To prevent reactivation of an account which has been deactivated by site administrators, the activation key is reset to the string constant ``RegistrationProfile.ACTIVATED`` after successful activation. To execute customized logic when a ``User`` is activated, connect a function to the signal ``registration.signals.user_activated``; this signal will be sent (with the ``User`` as the value of the keyword argument ``user``) after a successful activation. """ from registration.signals import user_activated # Make sure the key we're trying conforms to the pattern of a # SHA1 hash; if it doesn't, no point trying to look it up in # the database. if SHA1_RE.search(activation_key): try: profile = self.get(activation_key=activation_key) except self.model.DoesNotExist: return False if not profile.activation_key_expired(): user = profile.user user.is_active = True user.save() profile.activation_key = self.model.ACTIVATED profile.save() user_activated.send(sender=self.model, user=user) return user return False def create_inactive_user(self, username, password, email, send_email=True): """ Create a new, inactive ``User``, generate a ``RegistrationProfile`` and email its activation key to the ``User``, returning the new ``User``. To disable the email, call with ``send_email=False``. The activation email will make use of two templates: ``registration/activation_email_subject.txt`` This template will be used for the subject line of the email. It receives one context variable, ``site``, which is the currently-active ``django.contrib.sites.models.Site`` instance. Because it is used as the subject line of an email, this template's output **must** be only a single line of text; output longer than one line will be forcibly joined into only a single line. ``registration/activation_email.txt`` This template will be used for the body of the email. It will receive three context variables: ``activation_key`` will be the user's activation key (for use in constructing a URL to activate the account), ``expiration_days`` will be the number of days for which the key will be valid and ``site`` will be the currently-active ``django.contrib.sites.models.Site`` instance. To execute customized logic once the new ``User`` has been created, connect a function to the signal ``registration.signals.user_registered``; this signal will be sent (with the new ``User`` as the value of the keyword argument ``user``) after the ``User`` and ``RegistrationProfile`` have been created, and the email (if any) has been sent.. """ from registration.signals import user_registered new_user = User.objects.create_user(username, email, password) new_user.is_active = False new_user.save() registration_profile = self.create_profile(new_user) if send_email: from django.core.mail import send_mail, EmailMultiAlternatives current_site = Site.objects.get_current() subject = render_to_string('registration/activation_email_subject.txt', { 'site': settings.URL_ROOT }) # Email subject *must not* contain newlines subject = ''.join(subject.splitlines()) text_content = render_to_string('registration/activation_email.txt', { 'activation_key': registration_profile.activation_key, 'expiration_days': settings.ACCOUNT_ACTIVATION_DAYS, 'site': settings.URL_ROOT }) html_content = render_to_string('registration/activation_email.html', { 'activation_key': registration_profile.activation_key, 'expiration_days': settings.ACCOUNT_ACTIVATION_DAYS, 'site': settings.URL_ROOT }) msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, text_content, settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL, [new_user.email]) msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html") msg.send() # send_mail(subject, message, settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL, [new_user.email]) user_registered.send(sender=self.model, user=new_user) return new_user create_inactive_user = transaction.commit_on_success(create_inactive_user) def create_profile(self, user): """ Create a ``RegistrationProfile`` for a given ``User``, and return the ``RegistrationProfile``. The activation key for the ``RegistrationProfile`` will be a SHA1 hash, generated from a combination of the ``User``'s username and a random salt. """ salt = hashlib.sha1(str(random.random())).hexdigest()[:5] activation_key = hashlib.sha1(salt+user.username).hexdigest() return self.create(user=user, activation_key=activation_key) def delete_expired_users(self): """ Remove expired instances of ``RegistrationProfile`` and their associated ``User``s. Accounts to be deleted are identified by searching for instances of ``RegistrationProfile`` with expired activation keys, and then checking to see if their associated ``User`` instances have the field ``is_active`` set to ``False``; any ``User`` who is both inactive and has an expired activation key will be deleted. It is recommended that this method be executed regularly as part of your routine site maintenance; this application provides a custom management command which will call this method, accessible as ``manage.py cleanupregistration``. Regularly clearing out accounts which have never been activated serves two useful purposes: 1. It alleviates the ocasional need to reset a ``RegistrationProfile`` and/or re-send an activation email when a user does not receive or does not act upon the initial activation email; since the account will be deleted, the user will be able to simply re-register and receive a new activation key. 2. It prevents the possibility of a malicious user registering one or more accounts and never activating them (thus denying the use of those usernames to anyone else); since those accounts will be deleted, the usernames will become available for use again. If you have a troublesome ``User`` and wish to disable their account while keeping it in the database, simply delete the associated ``RegistrationProfile``; an inactive ``User`` which does not have an associated ``RegistrationProfile`` will not be deleted. """ for profile in self.all(): if profile.activation_key_expired(): user = profile.user if not user.is_active: user.delete() class RegistrationProfile(models.Model): """ A simple profile which stores an activation key for use during user account registration. Generally, you will not want to interact directly with instances of this model; the provided manager includes methods for creating and activating new accounts, as well as for cleaning out accounts which have never been activated. While it is possible to use this model as the value of the ``AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE`` setting, it's not recommended that you do so. This model's sole purpose is to store data temporarily during account registration and activation. """ ACTIVATED = u"ALREADY_ACTIVATED" user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True, verbose_name=_('user')) activation_key = models.CharField(_('activation key'), max_length=40) objects = RegistrationManager() class Meta: verbose_name = _('registration profile') verbose_name_plural = _('registration profiles') def __unicode__(self): return u"Registration information for %s" % self.user def activation_key_expired(self): """ Determine whether this ``RegistrationProfile``'s activation key has expired, returning a boolean -- ``True`` if the key has expired. Key expiration is determined by a two-step process: 1. If the user has already activated, the key will have been reset to the string constant ``ACTIVATED``. Re-activating is not permitted, and so this method returns ``True`` in this case. 2. Otherwise, the date the user signed up is incremented by the number of days specified in the setting ``ACCOUNT_ACTIVATION_DAYS`` (which should be the number of days after signup during which a user is allowed to activate their account); if the result is less than or equal to the current date, the key has expired and this method returns ``True``. """ expiration_date = datetime.timedelta(days=settings.ACCOUNT_ACTIVATION_DAYS) return self.activation_key == self.ACTIVATED or \ (self.user.date_joined + expiration_date <= datetime.datetime.now()) activation_key_expired.boolean = True