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139 lines
8.3 KiB
HTML
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>Expo Carbon Accounting Policy</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href=/css/main2.css />
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="author" CONTENT="Wookey, 2024">
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="keywords" CONTENT="Expo, accounts, carbon, emissions, GHG">
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="description" CONTENT="Expo carbon accounting policy.">
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<body>
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<h2 id="tophead">CUCC Expedition Handbook</h2>
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<h1 id="top">Expo Carbon Accounting Policy</h1>
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<h2>Introduction</h2>
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<p>Climate change is a big deal, and caving expeditions can have significant emissions. These were just ignored for a very long time, but following a <a href="https://wookware.org/docs/GPF_offsetting.pdf">report to the GPF in 2020</a> (by Wookey and Mike Butcher) expo decided (starting in 2022) to calculate emissions for the expedition and implement compulsory offsetting for attendees, as a first step to taking emissions seriously.</p>
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<p>Offsetting does not reduce emissions but is arguably better than nothing. The Loser expo is intrinsically relatively low-carbon (for Europeans), because caving expedition emissions are dominated by travel, and we encourage members to travel by low carbon means as much as possible. By accounting for (CO2e) emissions and charging a suitable carbon price to members it helps people to consider the full cost of their travel.
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<p>There are a lot of wrinkles to the application of this policy, and how it is done is likely to evolve. This page describes current policy and procedure so that whoever is responsible this year can implement it.</p>
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<h2>Expo 2022 carbon offsetting methods</h2>
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<h3>Car calculations</h3>
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<p>Data needed from drivers:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Who was in their car for the outward and return journey</li>
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<li>Fuel usage (in litres) for the outward and return journey (could easily be calculated by drivers by keeping their fuel receipts)</li>
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<li>Whether their car is petrol or diesel</li>
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<li>Channel crossing route/method, preferably ship name/type</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Per person and per journey CO2 (kg) =</p>
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<p>Fuel usage (l) * fuel CO2 emissions factor (kg/l) / no. of people in car</p>
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<p>(CO2 emissions per litre of EU fuel: diesel = 2.617 kg/l, petrol = 2.329 kg/l, taken from <a href="https://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/tools-and-resources/fthr/biomass-energy-resources/reference-biomass/facts-figures/carbon-emissions-of-different-fuels/">https://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/tools-and-resources/fthr/biomass-energy-resources/reference-biomass/facts-figures/carbon-emissions-of-different-fuels/</a>
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)</p>
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<p>Ferries/chunnel not accounted initially due to lack of data. See if that has changed. DFDS now (2024) have their <a href="https://www.dfds.com/en-gb/freight-ferries-and-logistics/decarbonised-in-setting">own carbon insetting program</a> - ask if ticket-buyers used that, to avoid double-counting.</p>
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<p>Additional points from 2022 experience:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Some people did not tell me whether their cars were petrol or diesel. In these cases, I defaulted to diesel (as the fuel with the higher CO2 emissions per litre)</li>
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<li>Some people did not send me their fuel usage despite prodding, in these cases I estimated their mileage for each journey by inputting their journeys into Google Maps. I applied (upper-end) estimates on their fuel efficiencies (km per l) to estimate their fuel usage</li>
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<li>I didn’t include ferry CO2 emissions in my estimates, to keep things simple</li>
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<li>In the cases when people were already in Europe beforehand, or immediately after, I took the European location as their start and/or end location (combining trips is greener and should be reflected in our calculations). Ask drivers for their fuel usage for the European location to expo (and/or vice versa) rather than all the way home.</li>
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<li>Remind drivers in advance to top off on leaving/returning and arriving/leaving Austria, to get reasonably accurate usage figures and separate in-Austria usage from travel to/from expo</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Train calculations</h3>
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<p>Data needed:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Start and end destinations</li>
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<li>Transfers are optional, except in the case of changing means of transport (i.e. if people are using a mix of coach and train</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Methodology:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Input journey into <a href="http://ecopassenger.org/bin/query.exe/en?L=vs_uic">http://ecopassenger.org/bin/query.exe/en?L=vs_uic</a>
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</li>
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<li>Take the CO2 emissions, assuming an average load factor (normally crowded)</li>
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</ol>
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<h3>Plane calculations</h3>
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<p>Data needed:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Start and end destinations (including any via destinations)</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Methodology:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Input journey into: <a href="https://www.atmosfair.de/en/offset/flight/">https://www.atmosfair.de/en/offset/flight/</a>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<h3>Bus calculations</h3>
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<p>Data needed:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Start and end destinations (including any via destinations)</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Methodology:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Input journey into: <a href="https://scif.org.uk/web/carbon-calculator/">https://scif.org.uk/web/carbon-calculator/</a>, selecting 'bus' as travel mode</li>
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</ol>
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<h3>Ferry calculations</h3>
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<p>Mostly people will be doing the UK/France crossing, but some attendees will use ferries elsewhere - e.g from/to Scandinavia or Greek Islands. Good emissions data for ferries is still hard to find, but improving. Emissions vary enormously by ferry type and propulsion system. The main thing is to distinguish the basic type: Chunnel (nuclear-electric rail and thus very low-carbon), standard (displacaement) car ferries, and fast/catamaran/planing type ferries (often passenger only) which use much more fuel. Knowing the name of the ferry or propulsion type would be very helpful.<p>
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<p>Data needed:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Start and end destinations (including any via destinations which are necessary for the trip)</li>
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<li>Ferry name and/or type: Chunnel (not a ferry), standard displacement or fast planing. Some channel ferries are diesel/elextric hybrids since June 2023.
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</ul>
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<p>Methodology:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Crossing distance one way (km) * ferry CO2e factor (kg per passenger-km) * Number of people in car (gives one-way value)</li>
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<ul>
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<li>Chunnel: 0.011 (kg per passenger-km)</li>
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<li>Standard car ferry: 0.1295 (kg per passenger-km)</li>
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<li>Hybrid car ferry: 0.0777 (kg per passenger-km)</li>
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<li>Fast ferry: ?</li>
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</ul>
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</ol>
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<ul>
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<li>Dover-Calais crossing distance: 44km</li>
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<li>Dover-Dunkirk crossing distance: 66km</li>
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<li>Others can be calculated at <a href="http://www.shiptraffic.net/2001/05/voyage-planner-marine-traffic.html">http://www.shiptraffic.net/2001/05/voyage-planner-marine-traffic.html</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p>References: <a href="https://thrustcarbon.com/insights/how-to-calculate-emissions-from-a-ferry-journey">https://thrustcarbon.com/insights/how-to-calculate-emissions-from-a-ferry-journey</a>, <a href="https://www.ferryhopper.com/en/blog/featured/eco-sustainable-ferry-travel">https://www.ferryhopper.com/en/blog/featured/eco-sustainable-ferry-travel</a>, <a href="https://www.getlinkgroup.com/en/our-group/eurotunnel/">https://www.getlinkgroup.com/en/our-group/eurotunnel/</a>
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</p>
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<h3>Gear calulations</h3>
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<p>These have not been done so far, and are hard to calculate as most manufacturers do not yet provied LCAs for their stuff, and we don't track purchase weights, but an estimate could be made from the gear/shopping lists and existing materials sources given sufficient enthusiasm.</p>
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<p>Sources:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://wookware.org/talks/eurospeleoclimate/">Eurospeleo caving footprints talk</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://circularecology.com/embodied-carbon-footprint-database.html">Bath ICE Material footprints database</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://josephpoore.com/Science%20360%206392%20987%20-%20Accepted%20Manuscript.pdf">Joseph Poore food footprints paper</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Carbon offsetting</h3>
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<p>Sum everyone’s CO2 emissions. Input expedition’s total kg CO2 and pay at <a href="https://www.atmosfair.de/en/offset/">https://www.atmosfair.de/en/offset/</a>
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</p>
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<h3>For Bank of Expo</h3>
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<p>Calculate every individual’s contribution to the overall expedition CO2 emissions: Individual’s CO2 (kg)/ expo’s total CO2 (kg)</p>
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<p>Multiply their proportion by the total sum amount paid for offsetting. Add individual costs to BoE.</p>
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<hr /></body>
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