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98 lines
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98 lines
4.7 KiB
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<title>1989: Cambridge Underground: 161 Survey</title>
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<center><font size=-1>Cambridge Underground 1990 p 24</font>
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<h1>Cave Survey of 161 Kaninchenhöhle</h1>
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<h3>by Daniel Mace</h3></center>
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<p>This year a special effort was made to produce an accurate survey of the
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cave. The cave was completely resurveyed from the entrance. Only Adrian's
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Route, which was not descended this year, was not resurveyed.
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<p>Survey teams consisted of two or three people. One person took notes; the
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others read the instruments and decided where to place survey stations. A
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centre line survey was conducted by measuring the distance, compass angle
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and inclination between two points. Adjacent points had to be visible by a
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direct line of sight and were usually chosen on opposite walls so that the
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centre line would yield information on the passage sizes.
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<p>A leap frogging technique was used; ie. the first survey leg was measured
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descending the cave (eg. from station 1 to station 2) and the next leg would
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be measured in the opposite direction (from station 3 to 2). This helps to
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reduce zero errors in the compass and clinometer.
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<p>At each survey station, passage heights, widths and the height of the survey station above the floor were noted. Sketches of plans and elevations were
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made. Cross-sections were drawn at points where there was a major change in
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passage shape.
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<p>The measurements were recorded on permatrace film using a soft pencil.
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Whilst underground, the permatrace was protected from water and abrasion in
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metal binders. All the notes were still legible on return to Britain. 25m
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Rabone Chesterman tapes were used. All distances were measured to the
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nearest five centimetres. Suunto sighting compasses and clinometers were
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used and all angles were measured to the nearest half degree. In 1988 some
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problems were experienced due to the compass and clinometer misting up once
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underground in the cold, damp atmosphere. These problems were solved by
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drying the instruments in a vacuum desiccator for several days and then
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resealing them with a modelling glue before departing for Austria.
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<p>After the underground survey was complete, the note taker wrote up the
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notes in a survey book at base camp. This was carried out as soon as possible
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after the surveying trip. The polar measurements taken underground were
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converted to cartesian (x,y,z) co-ordinates using a programmable calculator
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and plans and elevations were drawn in Austria.
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<p>On return to the U.K. the data were recomputed. The many closed loops in
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the survey allowed calculation of errors and these were distributed evenly
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around the loops. With the exception of the Olympus series, the errors lay
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between 0.5% and 1.75%. Data computation was carried out by Wookey, Mark
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Dougherty and Keith Millar with the aid of the 'Cave Surveyor' program by
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Sean Kelly. The program also drew a centre line plan and elevation at a
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scale of 1:500.
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<p>The walls and passage details were then drawn on the the centre line
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elevation in pencil. The cross-sections were redrawn from the original notes
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on to graph paper, all at the same scale. The surveys were then traced onto
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tracing paper using Rotring pen and ink. The cross sections were traced on
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to the plan. The lettering for the survey was produced using an Apple
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Mackintosh and laser writer and glued onto the tracing paper. Invisible
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sellotape was used to stick down the edges. The survey was drawn by Wookey,
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Daniel Mace and the resident members of Cambridge University Caving Club.
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<p>The survey was photo-reduced slightly and photocopied onto A1 paper.
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Copies are available on request from Cambridge University Caving Club.
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<hr />
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<!-- LINKS -->
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<p>
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<ul>
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<li>Cambridge Underground 1990,
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<a href="http://cucc.survex.com/jnl/1990/index.htm">Table of Contents</a></li>
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<li>1989 Expedition info:
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<ul>
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<li><a href="index.htm">Index</a> (more detail than in this list)</li>
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<li><a href="log.htm">Logbook</a></li>
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<li>Cambridge Underground Expo Report:
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<ul>
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<li><a href="diary.htm">Diary</a></li>
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<li><a href="rescue.htm">The Rescues</a></li>
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<li><a href="cavegd.htm">161 Description</a> to date (ie. 1989)</li>
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<li><a href="camp.htm">Underground Camping</a> experience in 1989</li>
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</ul></li>
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<li><a href="sumup.htm">1976-89 summary</a> of caves found</li>
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<li><a href="bcracc.htm">BCRA Caves & Caving Report</a></li>
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<li><a href="sponsr.htm">Sponsors</a></li>
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</ul></li>
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<li><a href="../../pubs.htm#pubs1989">Index</a> to all publications</li>
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<li><a href="../../index.htm">Back to Expeditions intro page</a></li>
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<li><a href="../../../index.htm">CUCC Home Page</a></li>
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</ul>
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</body>
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