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168 lines
7.7 KiB
HTML
168 lines
7.7 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
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<title>CUCC Expedition Handbook: Drill Battery Charging</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/main2.css" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<h2 id="tophead">CUCC Expedition Handbook</h2>
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<h1>Drill Battery Charging</h1>
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<h2>Instructions for charging</h3>
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0) <li>If a battery has green insulation tape on it it has been
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modified by us and will not charge on a Makita standard charger. It
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must be charged on the balance chargers (or RC chargers). Untaped
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(standard) batteries will not charge on the balance chargers, so must
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be charged on the Makita chargers (or RC charger). All batteries will
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charge on the RC chargers, but not as fast as on the Makita
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charger. Go to <a href="#RCcharge">RC charger</a>.</li>
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<p>New for 2018 is varying battery capacity. We have 3Ah, 4Ah and 5Ah
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packs. Bigger packs will take longer to charge from empty. The
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capacity is on the cell label next to the yellow connector.</p>
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<p>Each pack has a sliding indicator on the side. This is entirely
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manual, but is very useful for indicating when a pack is known to be
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charged, flat, or partly discharged. Slide the slider to show green
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for full, red for flat, half and half for 'partly used'.</p>
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<h3>Using Makita charger</h3>
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<p>This is blue charger with 3 LEDs, and diagrammatic charging info on RH side. CHarges at up to 100W.</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Make sure charger is powered (flashing green LED).</li>
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<li>Plug batt into Makita charger. It should start charging.</li>
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<li>Look at the LEDs for status - the legend is printed on the charger.
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If it flashes 'broken battery' (flashing red and gren LED) at you
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after a few seconds, use the yellow (Pro-Peak Prodigy II) RC charger instead.</li>
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<li>Eventually it should show '100%' (steady green LED) (in about 1
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hour max). You are done.</li>
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</ol>
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<h3>Using Balance charger</h3>
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<p>This is the set of 3 (2 half-width) chargers made from old Makita chargers. They have a set of 4 LEDs. (The full-width one only has 1 LED in 2018). Charges at 40W.</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Make sure charger is powered (flashing green LEDs).</li>
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<li>Plug batt into charger. After a few seconds it should start charging.</li>
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<li>Look at the LEDs for status - the legend is printed on the RH end charger. Steady red for bulk charging to 80%. Steady orange for last 20% charging. Steady green for finished. If it flashes red and beeps (repeated 5 times) something is wrong - see table. If you get an 'undervoltage' reading, use an RC charger instead to get the charging started.</li>
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<li>Eventually it should show '100%' (steady green LEDs). (1hr 50 max possible charge time). You are done.</li>
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</ol>
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<h3 id="RCcharge">Using Accucell 6 RC charger</h3>
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<p>This is black all-purpose charger with blue LCD display. CHarges at up to 50W</p>
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<p>The Yellow Propeak chargers do the same job, and insturcuctions are
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similar, but have no fan, no backlit display, and if pack is low
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voltage will charge at C/10 (10% of normal) until voltage rises
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sufficiently. Ensure that charge rate is set to 4000mA otherwise
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charging will be very slow. Charges at up to 50W (5W in C/10 gnetle start).</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Make sure charger is powered (display lit up)</li>
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<li>Connect charger to battery (either hardboard adaptor or empty
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Makita base adaptor). Check polarity is correct with hardboard
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adaptor.</li>
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<li>Check display says 'Lion' or 'Lipo' and '14.4V' and '3A' and 'CHARGE'. Hold
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down 'start/enter' button (on right). It will do a battery check.</li>
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<li>If it shows '4' as the number of cells, then press 'start/enter'
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again. Charging will start (fan comes on, display changes). If it
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shows anything else like 'polarity reversed' or 'connection break'
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then fix the connection to the battery. If it shows '3' as number of
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cells it is probably knackered, but possibly can be coaxed back into
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action. Find a battery expert - don't just use the charger anyway.</li>
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<li>Once it beeps and says 'FULL' (flashing) then you are done (should
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be less than 2 hours). Display shows number of mAh put in in
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bottom right. Should be a number like 250 for each hole drilled
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(between 50 and 2900 depending how discharged it was).</li>
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</ol>
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<h3>Can I tell if a battery is already charged?</h3>
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<p>Simplest it try to charge it again and find that it says it is done
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in a couple of minutes (Up to 4 mins on the balance chargers). This
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may 'waste a life' on batteries that still work on the Makita
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charger. Checking it on the RC charger will not waste a life. It will
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quickly rise to 16.4V, and the current drop to 0.1A or so. That
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indicates a full pack. It will tell you so after a while (1-5
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mins).</p>
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<h3>What sort of batteries are they</h3>
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<p>The drill batts are 4S2P 14.4V lithium ion packs (8 18650 cells: 4 in
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series, each being a parallel pair). This means that they are charged
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as 4-cell packs, to 4.1V per cell-pair. They can be charged at up to
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3A rate. Battery 1 has connector wired as balance connector. No other
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packs have this yet (2017). The official Makita packs use Sony SE
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US18650VT (1.5Ah, 20A high-drain) cells, and we have a few with with Samsung
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INR18650-13Q (1.3Ah high-drain cells). All give a reliable 2.3-2.6Ah
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capacity in practice, even after 9 years expo useage.</p>
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<p>At end 2017 we bought two 4Ah packs. The non-makita one uses LG
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DAHD21865 cells (2Ah, 25A). I can't read the Makita cell type without
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unwelding the pack. For 2018 we made 3 new 5Ah packs from Samsung 25R
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cells (2.5Ah, 20A) (Sponsored by uk18650.com).</p>
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<p>The drill discharges at 26A current draw when drilling (~400W), so
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that's 13A per cell in a 2P configuration.</p>
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<h3>Makita charging protocol issues</h3>
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<p>Makita have put very 'conservative' software in the batteries which
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will stop them working on the Makita charger, even when they are in
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fact fine. The monitoring board is powered off the 1st cell pair so
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that one tends to get discharged more than the others when left
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sitting for the 11 months of not-expo. If an unbalanced (or
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over-disharged, or too-hot) pack is inserted into the makita charger
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the charger and battery will do serial-coms negotiation, the charger
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will refuse to charge the battery and the battery will remember this.
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If you try this 3 times, the battery will mark itself bad and will
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never charge again on a makita charger. Only a replacement monitoring
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board can fix this (or new software if we knew how to nobble it).</p>
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<p>Such batteries are normally still fine and charge on a sensible (RC
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- Radio Control, because RC people are the main market for these
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chargers) charger, possible after a balance charge to get the cells in
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the pack in sync again. Expo has a couple of these (Yellow Pro-power
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Prodigy II). Unfortunataly Makita don't build the 14.4V packs with
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balance connections to the cells, so the PCB has to be replaced to
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make this work easily for expo. For 2018 this was done for 7 of our
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packs, and 3 automatic balance chargers built.</p>
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<p>Note that the drills have no battery-voltage monitoring at all, and the
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monitoring circuit is bypassed when conected to the drill (the charger
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uses a different connector-pair from the drill - that's why there are
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3 slots). Thus the drill can easily be used to over-discharge a
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battery, so please stop drilling when it gets slow and put on a new
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batt, unless it's an emergency. Drilling with an excessively-sagged
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voltage is a good way to knacker the weakest cell-pair. If your battery
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does get to this state, try to charge it up as soon as possible. Cells
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must not be left at <2V for any length of time as they rapidly
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(hours/days?) degrade to useless in this state (and that pair will
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need replacing).</p>
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</body>
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</html>
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