mirror of
https://expo.survex.com/repositories/expoweb/.git/
synced 2024-11-26 17:21:55 +00:00
85 lines
5.4 KiB
HTML
85 lines
5.4 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
|
|
<html>
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf8" />
|
|
<title>CUCC Expo Rigging Handbook: Placing bolts</title>
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/main2.css" />
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<h2 id="tophead"> CUCC Expo Rigging Handbook</h2>
|
|
<h1>Bolt belays - Hand-drilling and placing spits</h1>
|
|
|
|
<p>Once you've decided where to put your bolt, you have to actually physically
|
|
place and set it. The methods used differ substantially depending on whether
|
|
you are using hand bolts (<a href="https://www.raumerclimbing.com/en/products/classic/tap-and-rainox/pack-of-10-tap/">Raumer Taps</a> / spits) or Hilti HKDS's.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Before you actually start drilling, it is wise to flatten the surface of the
|
|
rock around the bolt site. This allows the hanger to lie flat against the rock.
|
|
<p>
|
|
Different types of hanger have different footprints; bollards have almost no
|
|
footprint at all, rings and bends somewhat more, and twists a great deal.
|
|
Remember, of course, that the next person who rigs the pitch may well use a
|
|
different type of hanger from the one you happen to have handy.
|
|
<p>
|
|
When dressing the rock, use the pointed
|
|
end of the hammer and tap gently, so as not to crack the rock below the
|
|
surface.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Hand spits</h2>
|
|
|
|
<div class="onleft" style="clear: left"> <a
|
|
href="../../1623/161/l/boltin.htm"><img alt="(36k image)"
|
|
src="../../1623/161/t/boltin.jpg" width="113" height="152" /></a></br><span
|
|
class="caption">Bolting by Hand</br>(click to enlarge)</span> </div>
|
|
<p>Old-style hand-drilled spits are self-drilling; the spit sleeve functions
|
|
both as a drill bit and as an anchor. Screw it firmly onto the driver and tap
|
|
it gently against the surface of the rock, turning it around slightly between
|
|
each tap and removing it to blow dust away every half dozen blows or so. (You
|
|
should also tap the spit itself gently to free dust compacted into it). Once
|
|
the hole is established you can begin to hit a bit harder, but don't overdo it;
|
|
the idea is to powder the rock at the point of the spit without setting up
|
|
cracks through the rest of the rock which will weaken it.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Watch out for the spit <i>cratering</i>; this is when flakes of rock crack
|
|
away around the rim of the hole. A severely cratered spit is greatly weakened
|
|
as the end of the sleeve is not supported by the rock. With some types of
|
|
hanger (bollards and Clowns) it is possible to drive the spit in a bit further
|
|
into the bottom of the crater, particularly if the rope is thin, but this
|
|
renders it almost impossible to use other types of hanger with that spit.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>There is normally a line around the driver stem around 3mm above the thread;
|
|
keep drilling until this point is reached. (This typically takes around 15-20
|
|
minutes of drilling). Now grab yourself a cone, put it in the end of the spit,
|
|
and hammer it back into the hole. You can normally detect when it is fully set
|
|
by a change in the tone of the sound when you hit it; it should rise gradually
|
|
to a high ring. If the hole is the right depth this will coincide with the spit
|
|
being flush with the surface. Now you can remove the driver and screw in a
|
|
hanger, and Bob's your uncle.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Peter and Phil's photo guide to placing a spit</h3>
|
|
|
|
<img src="hand_bolting_guide/img_2989.jpg" /><p>Decide where you want your bolt to go.</p>
|
|
<img src="hand_bolting_guide/img_2990.jpg" /><p>Before you start drilling, "dress" the rock; that is, hammer away the flaky top surface of the rock and flatten out a small area around where your spit is to go.</p>
|
|
<img src="hand_bolting_guide/img_2991.jpg" /><p>Hold the spit driver perpendicular to the rock and start hitting it, gently at first, while rotating it clockwise in between taps.</p>
|
|
<img src="hand_bolting_guide/img_2993.jpg" /><p>Make sure the driver is perpendicular to the rock surface.</p>
|
|
<img src="hand_bolting_guide/img_2995.jpg" /><p>After every few taps, blow the dust out of the hole.</p>
|
|
<img src="hand_bolting_guide/img_3001.jpg" /><p>It also helps to give the driver a tap to remove dust caked up on the end.</p>
|
|
<img src="hand_bolting_guide/img_3002.jpg" /><p>When the hole is as deep as the line around the driver shaft (about 3mm beyond the rim of the spit itself), the spit can be set. Take a cone, and fit it into the end of the driver,</p>
|
|
<img src="hand_bolting_guide/img_3003.jpg" /><p>like so.</p>
|
|
<img src="hand_bolting_guide/img_3005.jpg" /><p>Now hammer it in (without turning it, which would rapidly become impossible) until the spit is flush with the surface.</p>
|
|
<img src="hand_bolting_guide/img_3006.jpg" /><p>Finally, squirt a bit of grease into the spit to keep it from corroding. Notice that this spit is rather deep in, and would probably be rather hard to use for a rigging bolt; more dressing would be needed as well. This bolt was actually for the tag on cave 2005-07, and tag bolts clearly needn't be all that strong.</p>
|
|
<img src="hand_bolting_guide/img_3007.jpg" /><p>Finished spit.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr />
|
|
See the <a href="drillbolts.html">Bolting </a> - Hang Fix anchoring<br />
|
|
See the <a href="/expofiles/documents/anchors/hangfixtraining.pdf">instructions and training</a>
|
|
- for expo bolting<br />
|
|
See the <a href="/expofiles/documents/anchors/anchor-appraisal-martingreen2020.pdf">2020 appraisal of anchors</a>
|
|
- comparison of alternatives <br />
|
|
See the <a href="rigit.html">Rigging and Bolting</a> - handbook
|
|
<hr />
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|
|
|