mirror of
https://expo.survex.com/repositories/expoweb/.git/
synced 2024-11-23 07:41:56 +00:00
106 lines
5.2 KiB
HTML
106 lines
5.2 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<title>1989: Cambridge Underground: 161 Survey</title>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<center><font size=-1>Cambridge Underground 1990 p 24</font>
|
|
<h1>Cave Survey of 161 Kaninchenhöhle</h1>
|
|
<h3>by Daniel Mace</h3></center>
|
|
|
|
<p>This year a special effort was made to produce an accurate survey of the
|
|
cave. The cave was completely resurveyed from the entrance. Only Adrian's
|
|
Route, which was not descended this year, was not resurveyed.
|
|
|
|
<p>Survey teams consisted of two or three people. One person took notes; the
|
|
others read the instruments and decided where to place survey stations. A
|
|
centre line survey was conducted by measuring the distance, compass angle
|
|
and inclination between two points. Adjacent points had to be visible by a
|
|
direct line of sight and were usually chosen on opposite walls so that the
|
|
centre line would yield information on the passage sizes.
|
|
|
|
<p>A leap frogging technique was used; ie. the first survey leg was measured
|
|
descending the cave (eg. from station 1 to station 2) and the next leg would
|
|
be measured in the opposite direction (from station 3 to 2). This helps to
|
|
reduce zero errors in the compass and clinometer.
|
|
|
|
<p>At each survey station, passage heights, widths and the height of the survey station above the floor were noted. Sketches of plans and elevations were
|
|
made. Cross-sections were drawn at points where there was a major change in
|
|
passage shape.
|
|
|
|
<p>The measurements were recorded on permatrace film using a soft pencil.
|
|
Whilst underground, the permatrace was protected from water and abrasion in
|
|
metal binders. All the notes were still legible on return to Britain. 25m
|
|
Rabone Chesterman tapes were used. All distances were measured to the
|
|
nearest five centimetres. Suunto sighting compasses and clinometers were
|
|
used and all angles were measured to the nearest half degree. In 1988 some
|
|
problems were experienced due to the compass and clinometer misting up once
|
|
underground in the cold, damp atmosphere. These problems were solved by
|
|
drying the instruments in a vacuum desiccator for several days and then
|
|
resealing them with a modelling glue before departing for Austria.
|
|
|
|
<p>After the underground survey was complete, the note taker wrote up the
|
|
notes in a survey book at base camp. This was carried out as soon as possible
|
|
after the surveying trip. The polar measurements taken underground were
|
|
converted to cartesian (x,y,z) co-ordinates using a programmable calculator
|
|
and plans and elevations were drawn in Austria.
|
|
|
|
<p>On return to the U.K. the data were recomputed. The many closed loops in
|
|
the survey allowed calculation of errors and these were distributed evenly
|
|
around the loops. With the exception of the Olympus series, the errors lay
|
|
between 0.5% and 1.75%. Data computation was carried out by Wookey, Mark
|
|
Dougherty and Keith Millar with the aid of the 'Cave Surveyor' program by
|
|
Sean Kelly. The program also drew a centre line plan and elevation at a
|
|
scale of 1:500.
|
|
|
|
<p>The walls and passage details were then drawn on the the centre line
|
|
elevation in pencil. The cross-sections were redrawn from the original notes
|
|
on to graph paper, all at the same scale. The surveys were then traced onto
|
|
tracing paper using Rotring pen and ink. The cross sections were traced on
|
|
to the plan. The lettering for the survey was produced using an Apple
|
|
Mackintosh and laser writer and glued onto the tracing paper. Invisible
|
|
sellotape was used to stick down the edges. The survey was drawn by Wookey,
|
|
Daniel Mace and the resident members of Cambridge University Caving Club.
|
|
|
|
<p>The survey was photo-reduced slightly and photocopied onto A1 paper.
|
|
Copies are available on request from Cambridge University Caving Club.
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
|
|
<!-- LINKS -->
|
|
<p>
|
|
<img alt=">" src="../../../icons/lists/0.png">
|
|
Cambridge Underground 1990,
|
|
<a href="../../../jnl/1990/index.htm">Table of Contents</a><br>
|
|
<img alt=">" src="../../../icons/lists/0.png">
|
|
1989 Expedition info:<br>
|
|
<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.png">
|
|
<a href="index.htm">Index</a> (more detail than in this list)<br>
|
|
<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.png">
|
|
<a href="log.htm">Logbook</a><br>
|
|
<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.png">
|
|
Cambridge Underground Expo Report:<br>
|
|
<img alt="------>" src="../../../icons/lists/2.png">
|
|
<a href="diary.htm">Diary</a><br>
|
|
<img alt="------>" src="../../../icons/lists/2.png">
|
|
<a href="rescue.htm">The Rescues</a><br>
|
|
<img alt="------>" src="../../../icons/lists/2.png">
|
|
<a href="cavegd.htm">161 Description</a> to date (ie. 1989)<br>
|
|
<img alt="------>" src="../../../icons/lists/2.png">
|
|
<a href="camp.htm">Underground Camping</a> experience in 1989<br>
|
|
<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.png">
|
|
<a href="sumup.htm">1976-89 summary</a> of caves found<br>
|
|
<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.png">
|
|
<a href="bcracc.htm">BCRA Caves & Caving Report</a><br>
|
|
<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.png">
|
|
<a href="sponsr.htm">Sponsors</a><br>
|
|
<img alt=">" src="../../../icons/lists/0.png">
|
|
<a href="../../pubs.htm#1989">Index</a> to all publications<br>
|
|
<img alt=">" src="../../../icons/lists/0.png">
|
|
<a href="../../index.htm">Back to Expeditions intro page</a><br>
|
|
<img alt=">" src="../../../icons/lists/0.png">
|
|
<a href="../../../index.htm">CUCC Home Page</a>
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|