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129 lines
6.3 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
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CUCC Austria Cave Surveying Guide
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<h2 align=center>CUCC Expedition Handbook: Surveying<br>
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What is a cave survey ?</h2>
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<p>This may seem like a trivial question - most people who have been caving a
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few times have used cave surveys and can get some feel of what the cave is
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like from them. But what actually goes into the making of such a "map" ?
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<p>The idea of the survey is to produce a map of the cave that is accurate,
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useful for route finding and possible connections (and look pretty). Enough
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detail needs to be recorded that every passage is recognisable, whilst those
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drawing up the map are aiming to convey a good overall view of the whole cave
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- including structure that may be far from obvious in one individual passage.
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The survey should also serve as a basis to "add value" like geological
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information and clues to how the cave was formed. Some of these aims
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conflict with one another when the survey is drawn up, but this is
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part of the "art" of survey drawing.
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<p>Recording the data in the cave is fairly straightforward, if time
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consuming. It does help to have an idea of how all the details that you
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record will be used. To this end, everyone is encouraged to draw up a survey
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to better understand the difficulties and thus to improve the standard of
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recording.
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<p>The basic survey is simply a series of <b>straight</b> lines connecting a
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number of points together. This is constructed by measuring the distance
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between points, and taking a compass bearing and clinometer reading from each
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point to the next. It does not matter which end these readings are taken
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from, as long as the notes make clear which end is <b>from</b> and which is
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<b>to</b>. Taking readings from alternate ends, called <b>leapfrogging</b>,
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is often the most efficient way to proceed, and helps mitigate <b>some</b>
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systematic errors. (ie. start 1 to 2, then 3 to 2, 3 to 4, then 5 to 4, 5 to
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6 etc.)
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<p>Around this centre-line we need to draw passage detail in both plan and
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elevation - recording the dimensions and sketch of the cave. Easy.
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<p>However, the amount of information collectable is infinite and due to
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cold, impending exhaustion and rapid approach of call-out or derigging, time
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may be short. The handbook (in "<a href="how.htm">Methods: underground</a>")
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sets out what is considered the essential information and a few ways to
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collect it. Teams of two or three are used. If there are two of you it is
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generally accepted that one reads the instruments while the other writes it
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down and sketches, each person finds their own survey station. With three,
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two people can do as above while the third scouts for stations or one can do
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the instruments, one records the figures and the third sketches.
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<p>A survey party will never survey everything they see - but you should take
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particular care to note junctions, inaccessible passages and other possible
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ways on in the survey book. Some idea of how promising the lead is should
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always be recorded, as well as how hard it might be to get into. This will
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form the basis of the "question mark list" which will guide exploration in
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the future. That future may be as soon as another party a few hours behind,
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or may be several years later - currently each expedition generates more new
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question marks than it mops up old ones.
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<p>One other aspect of surveying that is not often done whilst in the cave
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is writing the passage description. Passage descriptions complement the
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survey and may clarify things that cannot easily be shown on the map.
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They are also a very useful cross check, helping to pick up some of the
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blunders that are occasionally made. They are best written by the party
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that does the surveying (though the initial explorers should also write
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as good a description as they can), and there is perhaps a lot to be
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said for actually doing this on the surveying trip rather than later
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back at base camp.
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<p>Surface surveys are basically similar, with the purpose of mapping the
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location of your cave, and how to get there. But there are enough differences
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and additional things to consider that they have their
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<a href="ontop.htm">own page</a>.
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<hr>
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<!-- LINKS -->
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<img alt=">" src="../../../icons/lists/0.gif">
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<b>Expedition Handbook</b>:<br>
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<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
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<b>Surveying</b>:<br>
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<img alt="------>" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
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<a href="index.htm">Back to overview</a> and index of topics<br>
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<img alt="------>" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
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<a href="why.htm">Why am I doing this ?</a><br>
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<img alt="------>" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
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Methods: <a href="how.htm">underground</a><br>
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<img alt="------>" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
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Pitfalls to avoid, <a href="hints.htm">hints'n'tips</a>
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to make life easier<br>
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<img alt="------>" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
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Methods: <a href="ontop.htm">surface</a><br>
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<img alt="------>" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
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Getting a <a href="gps.htm">GPS fix</a><br>
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<img alt="------>" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
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Base Camp: <a href="getin.htm">getting it in</a> to the computer<br>
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<img alt="------>" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
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Base Camp: <a href="drawup.htm">drawing it up</a>,
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writing the description<br>
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<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
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Expo Handbook <a href="../index.htm">Introduction</a><br>
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<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
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<a href="../look4.htm">Prospecting guide</a><br>
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<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
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<a href="../rescue.htm">Rescue guide</a><br>
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<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
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<a href="../rigit.htm">Rigging guide</a><br>
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<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
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<a href="../photo.htm">Photography guide</a><br>
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<img alt=">" src="../../../icons/lists/0.gif">
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<a href="../../infodx.htm">Index to info/topics pages</a><br>
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<img alt=">" src="../../../icons/lists/0.gif">
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<a href="../../indxal.htm">Full Index to area 1623</a><br>
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<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
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<a href="../../areas.htm">Area/subarea descriptions</a><br>
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<img alt="--->" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
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<a href="../../index.htm">Back to Expedition Intro page</a><br>
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<img alt=">" src="../../../icons/lists/0.gif">
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<a href="../../../index.htm">Back to CUCC Home page</a><br>
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</body>
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</html>
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