<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.0//EN"> <html lang=en> <head> <title>CUCC Expedition Handbook - useful vocabulary</title> </head> <body> <h2>Useful vocabulary</h2> <p>This table of approximate translations is provided for a variety of reasons such as <ol> <li>If you are a non-english speaker, it may help to clarify some terms <li>If you are an english-speaker it may help you read foreign guidebooks or cave descriptions/surveys <li>It was here on disc, and a shame to waste it :-) </ol> <p>It is somewhat remedial, and very biased towards mountaineering rather than caving at the moment. However, it is being put in "as is" in the hope that it will be more useful to Expo 1998 on the site than on my hard disc in the UK ! I'm afraid that your browser will need to do tables for it to be any use at all :-( <p>Note: the Infomatics Commission of the Union Internationale de Spéléologie has established a Cavers' Dictionary Working Group, which should eventually build something a lot more useful than this. The <a href="http://rubens.its.unimelb.edu.au/~pgm/uisic/lexintro.html">current version (November 1999) is edition 5</a>, now covering seven languages. I'll be adding some terms from this as time goes by... <table border> <tr><th>English</th> <th>German</th> <th>French</th> <th>Spanish</th></tr> <tr><td>Abseil</td> <td>Abseilung</td> <td>Rappel</td> <td>Rappel</td></tr> <tr><td>Aid</td> <td>Hilfsmittel</td> <td>Aide</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Aiguille<br>needle</td> <td>Nadel, Spitze</td> <td>Aiguille</td> <td>Torre Rocosa,<br>Campanario</td></tr> <tr><td>Alluvium</td> <td>Alluvium</td> <td>Alluvion</td> <td>Aluvión</td></tr> <tr><td>Altitude<br>.. of summit</td> <td>[See]höhe<br>Berghöhe</td> <td>Altitude, Hauter<br>Élévation de la Mont.</td> <td>Altitud<br>Altura de Nevado</td></tr> <tr><td>Arete<br>knife edge ..</td> <td>Grat, Kamm</td> <td>Arâte</td> <td>Arista<br>Cuchilla (Mex)</td></tr> <tr><td>Around (other side)</td> <td>Umher</td> <td>Autour</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Ascent<br><br>alpine ..<br>first ..<br>1st recorded</td> <td>Beisteigung,<br>Begehung<br><br>Erstbesteigung<br> Erst Berichtete Besteigung</td> <td>Ascension<br><br>.. alpine<br>première ..<br>.. enregistrée</td> <td>Ascensión,<br>Subida,Escalada<br>.. alpina<br>prímera ..<br> .. registrada</td></tr> <tr><td>Avalanche</td> <td>Lawine</td> <td>Avalanche</td> <td>Alud, Avalancha(Arg.)</td></tr> <tr><td>Belay<br>(verb)</td> <td>Sicherung<br>Sichern</td> <td>Relais<br>Assurer</td> <td>Asegurado ?<br>Asegurar</td></tr> <tr><td>Bergschrund</td> <td>Bergschrund, Randkluft</td> <td>Rimaye</td> <td>Rimaya(Méx.)</td></tr> <tr><td>Bivouac</td> <td>Biwak</td> <td>Bivouac</td> <td>Vivac</td></tr> <tr><td>Blocky</td> <td>Block Geröll</td> <td>Désintegrable</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Buttress</td> <td>Rippe, Pfeiler,<br>Stutze</td> <td>Pilier</td> <td>Contrafuerte(Méx.)<br>Escalón (Arg.)</td></tr> <tr><td>Bypass (verb)</td> <td>Umgehen</td> <td>Dévier Contoureur</td> <td>Desviar</td></tr> <tr><td>Cable crossing</td> <td>Kabel Übergang</td> <td>Passage à cable</td> <td>Oroya</td></tr> <tr><td>Cairn</td> <td>Steinmann</td> <td>Cairn</td> <td>Pirca</td></tr> <tr><td>Camp<br>base..<br>high ..</td> <td>Lager, Biwak<br>basis ..<br>Hochlager</td> <td>Camp<br>.. de base<br>.. d'altitude</td> <td>Campamento<br>.. base<br>.. alto</td></tr> <tr><td>Canyon</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Cañon</td></tr> <tr><td>Cave</td> <td>Höhle</td> <td>Grotte</td> <td>Cueva</td></tr> <tr><td>Chimney</td> <td>Kamin</td> <td>Cheminée</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Chockstone</td> <td>Klemmblock</td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Circa, about</td> <td>Ungefähr</td> <td>Environ, à peu pres</td> <td>Cerca de, Hacia</td></tr> <tr><td>Cirque</td> <td>Kar, Mulde</td> <td>Cirque</td> <td>Circo</td></tr> <tr><td>Climb<br>(verb)<br>.. up<br>.. down</td> <td>Klettern<br>Besteigen<br>Ansteigen<br>Absteigen</td> <td>Escalade<br>Grimper, Escalader<br>Grimper<br>Descendre</td> <td>Escalada<br>Subir, Escalar<br>Escalar<br>Bajar</td></tr> <tr><td>Climber<br>alpinist</td> <td>Bergsteiger</td> <td>Grimpeur<br>Alpiniste</td> <td>Escalador<br>Alpinista</td></tr> <tr><td>Cloud</td> <td>Wolke</td> <td>Nuage</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Col</td> <td>Joch, Sattel, Scharte</td> <td>Col</td> <td>Collado, Cuello</td></tr> <tr><td>Corner</td> <td>Eck</td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Cornice</td> <td>Wächte</td> <td>Corniche</td> <td>Cornisa</td></tr> <tr><td>Couloir</td> <td>Rinne</td> <td>Couloir</td> <td>Couloir</td></tr> <tr><td>Crack<br>finger-crack<br>jam-crack<br>off-width</td> <td><br><br><br></td> <td><br><br><br></td> <td><br><br><br></td></tr> <tr><td>Crest</td> <td>Kamm</td> <td>Crâte</td> <td>Cresta</td></tr> <tr><td>Crevasse</td> <td>Gletscherspalte</td> <td>Crevasse</td> <td>Grieta</td></tr> <tr><td>Cross<br>(verb)</td> <td>Kreuz<br>Kreuzen</td> <td>Croix<br>Traverser</td> <td>Cruz<br>Atravesar</td></tr> <tr><td>Descend</td> <td>Absteigen</td> <td>Descendre</td> <td>Bajar, Descender</td></tr> <tr><td>Descent</td> <td>Abstieg</td> <td>Descente</td> <td>Bajada, Descenso</td></tr> <tr><td>Detour (verb)</td> <td>Umweg</td> <td>Détour</td> <td>Desviar</td></tr> <tr><td>Dihedral</td> <td>Verschneidung</td> <td>Dièdre</td> <td>Diedro</td></tr> <tr><td>Direct</td> <td>gerade</td> <td>direct</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Divide, Watershed</td> <td>Scheide</td> <td>Ligne de Partage<br>des eaux</td> <td>Divisoria</td></tr> <tr><td>Doline</td> <td>Dolina, Kunntal</td> <td>Doline</td> <td>Dolina, Hoya, Jou</td></tr> <tr><td>Exposed</td> <td>Ausgesetzt</td> <td>Exposé</td> <td>Expuesto</td></tr> <tr><td>Exposure</td> <td></td> <td>Exposition</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Face</td> <td>Flanke, Wand</td> <td>Face</td> <td>Pared, Paredo</td></tr> <tr><td>Fall, Peel, Lob</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Firm (sound)</td> <td>Fest</td> <td>Solide</td> <td>Sólido</td></tr> <tr><td>Firn, névé</td> <td>Firnfeld</td> <td>Névé</td> <td>Campo de Nieve</td></tr> <tr><td>Fixed rope</td> <td>Fixes Seil</td> <td>Corde fixe</td> <td>Cuerda fija, Cordino</td></tr> <tr><td>Fluting</td> <td>Rillenfirn, Geriefeltes Eis</td> <td>Rimaye</td> <td>Acanaladura</td></tr> <tr><td>Fog</td> <td>Nebel</td> <td>Brouillard</td> <td>Niebla</td></tr> <tr><td>Foresummit</td> <td>Vorgipfel</td> <td>Sommet devant<br>Antécima</td> <td>Antecima</td></tr> <tr><td>Gendarme</td> <td>Felsnadel</td> <td>Gendarme</td> <td>Gendarme</td></tr> <tr><td>Glacier<br>hanging ..<br>.. tongue</td> <td>Gletscher<br>Hänge-..<br>..-Zunge</td> <td>Glacier<br>.. suspendu<br>Langue de ..</td> <td>Glaciar<br>.. suspendido<br>Lengua de ..</td></tr> <tr><td>Group</td> <td>Gruppe, Mannschaft</td> <td>Groupe</td> <td>Cadena, Sistema,<br>Nudo, Grupo</td></tr> <tr><td>Gully, Ravine</td> <td>Schlucht</td> <td></td> <td>Canal, Cañada</td></tr> <tr><td>Hail</td> <td>Hagel</td> <td>Grâle</td> <td>Pedrisco</td></tr> <tr><td>Handhold</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Griff</td></tr> <tr><td>Hole</td> <td>Loch</td> <td>Trou</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Horn</td> <td>Horn</td> <td>Corne</td> <td>Cuerno</td></tr> <tr><td>Ice Cap</td> <td>Eiskappe</td> <td>Calotte Glacière</td> <td>Calota</td></tr> <tr><td>Icefall</td> <td>Eisbruch</td> <td>Barre des sèracs</td> <td>Caida de Hielo</td></tr> <tr><td>Icefield</td> <td>Eisfeld</td> <td>Glacier</td> <td>Campo de Hielo</td></tr> <tr><td>Ice plateau</td> <td>Eis Plateau</td> <td>Plateau Glacière</td> <td>Pampa (mesa) de Hielo</td></tr> <tr><td>Junction<br>(route turns off)</td> <td>Abzweigung</td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Knife edge rib</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Cuchilla (Méx)</td></tr> <tr><td>Landslide<br>Mudflow/slide</td> <td>Erdrutsch</td> <td>Glissement de terrain<br>Coulée de Boue</td> <td>Huayaco, Derrumbe<br>Aluvión, Huayaco</td></tr> <tr><td>Lay away</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Layback</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Ledge</td> <td>Felsvorsprung,<br>brett ?</td> <td>plateforme rocheuse</td> <td>plataforma</td></tr> <tr><td>Lesser</td> <td>Niedriger</td> <td>Moins</td> <td>Menor</td></tr> <tr><td>Limestone<br>.. pavement</td> <td>Kalk<br>Karren</td> <td>calcaire<br>Lapies</td> <td>piedra caliza<br>Lapiaz</td></tr> <tr><td>Loose (Chossy)</td> <td>Locker</td> <td>Friable</td> <td>Flojo (Peru)</td></tr> <tr><td>Main</td> <td>Haupt</td> <td>Principal</td> <td>Principal</td></tr> <tr><td>Mantleshelf</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Massif</td> <td>Gebirgsmassiv, Gruppe</td> <td>Massif</td> <td>Macizo</td></tr> <tr><td>Mist</td> <td>Nebel</td> <td>Brouillard</td> <td>Neblina</td></tr> <tr><td>Moraine</td> <td>Moräne</td> <td>Moraine</td> <td>Morrena</td></tr> <tr><td>Mountaineer</td> <td>Bergsteiger</td> <td>Alpiniste</td> <td>Alpinista, Pyreneista Alpiniste</td></tr> <tr><td>Mud</td> <td>Schlamm, Morast</td> <td>Boue</td> <td>Barro, Lodo</td></tr> <tr><td>Muddy</td> <td>schlammig, schmutzig</td> <td>Boueux, Fangeux</td> <td>Fangoso</td></tr> <tr><td>Muleteer</td> <td>Eseltreiber,Saumer</td> <td>Mûletier</td> <td>Arriero</td></tr> <tr><td>Needle</td> <td>Nadel</td> <td>Aiguille</td> <td>Aguja, Cuerno</td></tr> <tr><td>On the way</td> <td>Auf dem Weg</td> <td>En route</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Overhang<br>roof ..</td> <td>Überhang<br></td> <td>Surplomb<br></td> <td>Sobre-calgando<br>Techo</td></tr> <tr><td>Pass, Saddle</td> <td>Pass, Sattel</td> <td>Col</td> <td>Abra, Portachuelo,<br>Collado</td></tr> <tr><td>Peak<br><br>(minor)</td> <td>Gipfel, Berg,<br>Spitze<br>Vorgipfel</td> <td>Pic, Cime, Sommet<br>Pic secondaire</td> <td>Pico, Cumbre,<br>Cima, Cresta<br>Pico menor, Punta</td></tr> <tr><td>Pendulum</td> <td></td> <td>Pendule</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Pillar</td> <td>Pfeiler</td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Pinnacle, needle</td> <td>Spitze, Felsturm</td> <td>Gendarme</td> <td>Pináculo, Aguja,<br>Diente, Campanerio</td></tr> <tr><td>Pitch (climbing)</td> <td>Seillänge</td> <td>Longueur</td> <td>Cordada</td></tr> <tr><td>Pitch (shaft)</td> <td>Schacht</td> <td>Puits</td> <td>Pozo</td></tr> <tr><td>Plain</td> <td>Ebene</td> <td>Plaine</td> <td>Pampa</td></tr> <tr><td>Plateau</td> <td>Hochebene. Plateau</td> <td>Plateau</td> <td>Altiplano</td></tr> <tr><td>Point</td> <td>Punkt</td> <td>Point</td> <td>Punta</td></tr> <tr><td>Porter</td> <td>Träger</td> <td>Porteur</td> <td>Portador</td></tr> <tr><td>Pothole</td> <td>Schacht</td> <td>Gouffre</td> <td>Pozo, Sotano(Mex)</td></tr> <tr><td>Rake</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Reconnaissance</td> <td>Erkunden</td> <td>Reconnaissance</td> <td>Reconocimiento</td></tr> <tr><td>Return trip</td> <td>Rückweg</td> <td>(Aller-) Retour</td> <td>Viaje de Vuelte</td></tr> <tr><td>Rib</td> <td>Rippe</td> <td>Côte</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Ridge</td> <td>Grat, Kamm</td> <td>Arâte</td> <td>Arista</td></tr> <tr><td>River<br>dry/intermittent</td> <td>Fluß<br></td> <td>Rivière<br></td> <td>Río<br>Arroyo</td></tr> <tr><td>Rock</td> <td>Fels</td> <td>Rocher</td> <td>Roca</td></tr> <tr><td>Rockfall</td> <td>Steinschlag</td> <td>Chute des Rochers,<br>.. des Pierres</td> <td>Caida de Piedra</td></tr> <tr><td>Roof (overhang)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Techo</td></tr> <tr><td>Rope</td> <td>Seil</td> <td>Corde</td> <td>Soga, Cuerda</td></tr> <tr><td>Route<br>approximate ..<br>new ..<br>normal ..<br>probable ..<br> unknown ..<br>Variant</td> <td>Führe, Weg<br>aproximativer ..<br>Neubegehung<br>Normalweg<br> vermutlicher ..<br>Unbekannterweg<br>Variante</td> <td>Voie, Route<br>.. approximative<br>nouvelle ..<br>.. normal<br> .. probable<br>.. inconnue<br>Variante</td> <td>Ruta<br>.. aproximada<br>.. nueva<br>.. normal<br>.. probable<br> .. desconocida<br>Variación</td></tr> <tr><td>Scoop</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Scree</td> <td>Schutt, Geröll</td> <td>Eboulis</td> <td>Talud</td></tr> <tr><td>Serac</td> <td>Serac, Eisturm</td> <td>Sérac</td> <td>Sérac</td></tr> <tr><td>Sink</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Sumidero</td></tr> <tr><td>Slab</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Sleet</td> <td>Graupeln</td> <td>Pluie Gelante</td> <td>Agua Nieve</td></tr> <tr><td>Snow<br>Breakable Crust<br>Crust<br>Fluted ..<br>Frozen ..<br> Granular, Firn ..<br>New ..<br> <br>Powder ..<br> Sastrugi, Skavla<br>Slush<br>Sun softened ..<br>Unbreakable crust<br> Wind Slab</td> <td>Schnee<br>Bruchharsch<br>Harsch<br>Rillenförmig<br>Gefroren<br> Firn<br>Neuschnee<br>Eiszapfen<br>Pulverschnee<br> Windrippung<br>Sulz ..<br> <br> <br>Schnee Brett</td> <td>Neige<br>Neige Croûteuse<br>Croûte<br>.. Flûté<br>.. Gelé<br> .. Granulée<br>.. Fraîche<br>Penitente<br>.. Poudreuse<br> <br>Slush de ..<br>.. Ramollé<br>Croûte Solide<br> Plaque à Vent</td> <td>Nieve<br>Costra Frágil<br>Costra<br>Acanalado ?<br>.. Congelado, Helado<br> Neviza<br>.. Nueva<br> <br>Penitente<br>.. Pulverulenta<br> Sástrugi<br>.. Pastosa<br><br>Costra Irrompile<br></td> </tr> <tr><td>Snowline<br>permanent ..<br> </td> <td>Schneegrenze<br>Ewigen Schnees<br></td> <td>Limite des Neiges<br>Limite des Neiges<br>Perpetuelles</td> <td>Linea de Nieve<br>Limite de las Nieves<br>Eternas</td></tr> <tr><td>Spire</td> <td>Spitze, Turm</td> <td>Pointe</td> <td>Aguja</td></tr> <tr><td>Spur</td> <td>Rippe</td> <td>Éperon</td> <td>Espolón</td></tr> <tr><td>Stance</td> <td>Standplatz ?</td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Steep</td> <td>steil</td> <td>raide, escarpe</td> <td>escarpado, abrupto</td></tr> <tr><td>Stone</td> <td>Stein</td> <td>Pierre</td> <td>Piedra</td></tr> <tr><td>Stonefall</td> <td>Steinschlag</td> <td>Chutes des Pierres</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Talus</td> <td>Schuttkegel</td> <td>Talus</td> <td>Talud</td></tr> <tr><td>Thread (runner)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Thunderstorm<br>lightning<br>thunder</td> <td>Gewitter<br>Blitz<br>Donner</td> <td>Orage<br>Foudre, éclairs<br>Tonnerre</td> <td><br><br></td></tr> <tr><td>Torque (verb)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Traverse (verb)</td> <td>Überschreitung</td> <td>Traverser</td> <td>Atravesar</td></tr> <tr><td>Unclimbed peak</td> <td>Unbestiegener Gipfel</td> <td>Cime Vierge</td> <td>Cima Virgen</td></tr> <tr><td>Verglas</td> <td>Glasseis, Verglasst</td> <td>Verglas</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Vertical</td> <td>Senkrecht</td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>via, by way of</td> <td>Über</td> <td>Via</td> <td>Por La Via</td></tr> <tr><td>Wall</td> <td>Wand</td> <td>Mur</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Waterfall</td> <td>Wasserfall</td> <td>Chute d'eau, Cascade</td> <td>Cascada, Salto,<br>Catarata, Chorera</td></tr> <tr><td>Weather<br>.. forecast<br> <br>good.. bad..</td> <td>Wetter<br>Wetterbericht<br>Wettervorhersage<br> </td> <td>Temps<br>bulletin météorologique<br>previsions mét..s, Météo<br> beau .. mauvais ..</td> <td><br><br></td></tr> <tr><td>Wedge, jam (verb)</td> <td>Klemmen</td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Wind, windy</td> <td>Wind, windig</td> <td>Vente, venteux</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td colspan=4>Equipment :</td></tr> <tr><td>Altimeter</td> <td>Aneroid</td> <td>Altimetre</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Ascender</td> <td>Steigbugel,<br>Steigklemme</td> <td>Ascendeur,<br>Bloqueur, Jumar</td> <td>Bloqueador</td></tr> <tr><td>Bolt</td> <td>Bolzen</td> <td>Spit, Piton Gollo</td> <td>Spit (à expansion)</td></tr> <tr><td>Bolt/anchor/hanger</td> <td>Bohrhaken</td> <td>Amarrage</td> <td>Anclaje</td></tr> <tr><td>Boots</td> <td>Bergschuhe</td> <td>Chaussures de Montagne</td> <td>Zapatos de Escalada</td></tr> <tr><td>Carabiner</td> <td>Karabiner</td> <td>Mousqueton</td> <td>Mosqueton</td></tr> <tr><td>Chalk</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Chalkbag</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Climbing skins</td> <td></td> <td>peau de phoque</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Compass</td> <td>Kompass</td> <td>boussole, compas</td> <td>brujula (?)</td></tr> <tr><td>Crampons</td> <td>Steigeisen</td> <td>Crampons</td> <td>Grampones</td></tr> <tr><td>Etrier</td> <td>Trittleiter</td> <td>Étrier</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Hammer<br>rock ..<br>ice ..<br>north wall ..</td> <td>Hammer<br>Fels..<br>Eis..<br>Pickel-..</td> <td>Marteau<br>.. de Rocher<br>.. à glace<br>Piolet-marteau</td> <td>Martillo<br><br><br></td></tr> <tr><td>Harness (seat)<br>full body ..</td> <td>Klettersitzgurt<br>Kombiklettergurt</td> <td>Baudrier (cuissard)<br>.. complet</td> <td>Arnes (de Cintura)<br>.. completo</td></tr> <tr><td>Head Torch</td> <td>Stirnlampe</td> <td>Lampe frontale</td> <td>Linterna frontal</td></tr> <tr><td>Helmet</td> <td>Kopfschutz</td> <td>Casque</td> <td>Casca</td></tr> <tr><td>Ice Piton</td> <td>Eishaken</td> <td>Piton à glace</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Ice Screw</td> <td>Eisschraube</td> <td>Piton à vis</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Ice Axe</td> <td>Eispickel</td> <td>Piolet</td> <td>Piolet</td></tr> <tr><td>Map</td> <td>Karte</td> <td>Carte</td> <td>Mapa</td></tr> <tr><td>Nut</td> <td>Nute</td> <td>Picoin</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Nut-key</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Piton, Peg</td> <td>Haken</td> <td>Piton</td> <td>Clavija</td></tr> <tr><td>Prussik sling</td> <td>Reepschnur,<br>Prusik-Schlinge</td> <td>Anneau à prussik</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Rope<br>climbing ..<br>fixed ..<br>rappel ..</td> <td>Seil<br>Kletterseil<br>Fixes ..<br>Abseil Seil</td> <td>Corde<br>.. d'escalade<br>.. fixe<br>Corde de rappel</td> <td>Cuerda, Soga<br>Soga, Cuerda<br>Cordino, Cuerda fija<br></td></tr> <tr><td>Ski-Bindings<br>(touring)</td> <td>(Touren)Bindung<br>Tourenbindung</td> <td>Fixations<br>(de randonnée alpine)</td> <td>Fijacions<br>(para esqui de montana)</td></tr> <tr><td>Ski-brakes</td> <td>Skistopper</td> <td>Frein-ski</td> <td>Freno-esqui</td></tr> <tr><td>Ski-crampon</td> <td>Harscheisen</td> <td>Couteau à glace</td> <td>Cuchillo para hielo</td></tr> <tr><td>Sling</td> <td>Schlinge</td> <td>Anneau de Corde</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Snowshovel</td> <td>Schaufel</td> <td>Pelle de Neige</td> <td>Pala de Nieve</td></tr> <tr><td colspan=4>Directions</td></tr> <tr><td>Left</td> <td>links</td> <td>à gauche</td> <td>izquierda</td></tr> <tr><td>Right</td> <td>rechts</td> <td>à droite</td> <td>derecho</td></tr> <tr><td>North</td> <td>Norden</td> <td>Nord</td> <td>Norte</td></tr> <tr><td>East</td> <td>Osten</td> <td>Est</td> <td>Este</td></tr> <tr><td>South</td> <td>Suden</td> <td>Sud</td> <td>Sur</td></tr> <tr><td>West</td> <td>Westen</td> <td>Ouest</td> <td>Oeste</td></tr> <tr><td>Up</td> <td>(hinauf)</td> <td>en montant</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Down</td> <td>hinab</td> <td>en bas</td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Upstream</td> <td>stromaufwarts</td> <td>à mont</td> <td>Rio arriba</td></tr> <tr><td>Downstream</td> <td>flußabwarts</td> <td>à val</td> <td>Rio</td></tr> </table> <p><b>Acknowledgements</b>: <p>The idea came from the guidebook "Yuraq Janka" by J F Rickers. Additional information derived from varied sources, including Petzl catalogue, Editions Eclat Peru guidebook, personal experience, deductions from the Totes Gebirge climbing guide and a lot of head-scratching and dictionary bashing whilst reading caving publications in a variety of languages. <p>If you need a much more detailed vocabulary for climbing and mountaineering, I can do no better than recommend "Alpines Wörterbuch", by Rudolf Weiss, published by Bergverlag Rudolf Rother Gmbh, München, ISBN 3-7633-8062-0. This has four sections, Deutsch->Englisch,Französisch,Italienisch; English->German,French,Italian; Français->Allemand,Anglais,Italien and Italiano->Tedesco,Inglese,Francese. <hr> <!-- LINKS --> <img alt=">" src="../../icons/lists/0.png"> <a href="index.htm">Expedition Handbook</a> - Intro<br> <img alt="--->" src="../../icons/lists/1.png"> <a href="look4.htm">Prospecting guide</a><br> <img alt="--->" src="../../icons/lists/1.png"> <a href="survey/index.htm">Surveying guide</a><br> <img alt="------>" src="../../icons/lists/2.png"> <a href="findit.htm">Taking bearings</a> to locate caves<br> <img alt="--->" src="../../icons/lists/1.png"> <a href="rescue.htm">Rescue guide</a><br> <img alt="--->" src="../../icons/lists/1.png"> <a href="photo.htm">Photography guide</a><br> <img alt="--->" src="../../icons/lists/1.png"> <a href="rigit.htm">Rigging guide</a><br> <img alt=">" src="../../icons/lists/0.png"> <a href="../infodx.htm">Index to info/topics pages</a><br> <img alt=">" src="../../icons/lists/0.png"> <a href="../indxal.htm">Full Index to area 1623</a><br> <img alt="--->" src="../../icons/lists/1.png"> <a href="../areas.htm">Area/subarea descriptions</a><br> <img alt="--->" src="../../icons/lists/1.png"> <a href="../index.htm">Back to Expedition Intro page</a><br> <img alt=">" src="../../icons/lists/0.png"> <a href="../../index.htm">Back to CUCC Home page</a><br> </body> </html>