Expedition primer

The annual CUCC expedition to Austria lasts up to five weeks each summer and concentrates mainly on new exploration in the high alpine karst of the Loser plateau (about 80km E of Salzburg). The current main projects are:

Kaninchenhöhle

a cave now over 24km long and 534m deep, explored by the club since its discovery in 1988;

Steinbrückenhöhle

explored to -226m in 1999 and to -368m in 2000 - now 2.5km long;

Schwarzmooskogelsystem

formed from the linkage of several caves into one system, 20km or so long, and 972m deep, of which a third of the length and both the deepest point and the highest entrance were explored by CUCC in the early eighties.

All three of these caves are expected to be linked together, with the two major ones only about 20m apart. Around ninety shorter caves have also been explored and recorded over the twenty year history of expo, and prospecting for new entrances is still an important activity.

So much for the executive summary, but what does that mean for the new expo member ? What is actually involved in going on expo ?

Very few people, whether undergraduate or old lag, can afford the time to go on expo for the full period. People come and go, and people pursue their own particular interests within the larger context. But there has to be some overall strategy and some degree of planning. It is no good putting more resources into rigging than we have manpower to use, nor concentrating on so few goals that the cave is always crowded. So it is important that those doing the organising have a pretty good idea a few weeks before expo of who is going, for how long, and how hard they expect to cave.

But don't expect too much from that word "organising" - expedition is not a boot camp ! No one will kick you out of your pit and make you go caving (except perhaps in an emergency, such as a call-out). Nor is it entirely a holiday - once the effort has been put in to rig things, it is important that people get in there and do the work exploring, surveying, photographing and eventually derigging. The "organisation" is essentially a matter of pre-expo behind-the-scenes things like getting grants and sponsorship, buying tackle, coordinating transport and the like. On expo itself, it is a matter of judging which projects can reasonably be tackled by the number of people present, and suggesting the best lines of attack. This avoids rigging things which no one has the time or will-power to push, and ensures that there is enough gear to tackle the things which folk are keen to explore.

There are important differences between expedition caving and a typical Yorkshire weekend. On a tourist trip in the UK, a party will rig in, bottom the cave and rig out (or, at most, there may be a separate rigging in and rigging out trip on the same day). In Austria, a project cave will be rigged at the start of expo, and then numerous working trips will use that rigging until either the cave or the expedition finishes, and derigging takes place. This clearly places a lot more wear and tear on the ropes, which also tend to get muddier, so quality rigging is essential. Of course, some of this rigging is new exploration, not just "follow the P-hangers", so it is an exciting and challenging activity. Also, unlike a Yorkshire tourist trip, you must survey and describe what you find - logbook write-ups form part of a long-term record of what has been done so are rather more important than on weekend meets at home. Surveying may be an entirely new activity for first-time expo members, but it is also a very important one, and one which it is worth making the effort to get right from the start.

The caves in Austria are as different from Yorkshire and Mendip as those two areas are from each other. There are few sporting streamways and few formations. The caves are colder (often not much above freezing, and sometimes below). They are often much deeper than Yorkshire trips, though the entrances we are currently using mean that even the remotest places are not at vast depths. However, pitches may be big, and close together in deep shafts of up to a couple of hundred metres. Though often dry in good weather, run-off is rapid and a damp pitch can rapidly become a serious proposition with near-freezing water pouring down it. Rigging will sometimes seem unnecessarily gymnastic until you have seen the pitch after a thunderstorm ! Set against this is a large amount of huge stomping horizontal passage found in the last few years, with many leads still to push not needing a lot of vertical work at all.

In Austria, expo is effectively split into "Base Camp" and "Top Camp". Base camp is in the valley, near the pub, shops, lake and other "R&R" facilities. It is here that we have the bulk of the documentation, computers, lamp charging, log book and survey book. Top Camp is reached by a toll road (on which we have a deal which avoids paying each time) which ascends 900m to a tourist car park from where walking takes 30-45 minutes to top camp. Various cave entrances are from a few minutes to maybe an hour and a half from here. Top camp and Base camp are linked by mobile phone, which are much better for coordinating and reporting activities than the radios we used previously. However they should still be used sparingly to ensure that there is plenty of battery power in an emergency. The result of this is that trips are mostly organised by the people in top camp, and trying to participate in expo whilst spending every night at Base Camp is somewhat frustrating. It also costs more :-)

On the other hand, top camp is in a nature reserve where camping is theoretically not allowed at all, so we need to keep it as low-profile and undamaging as possible to avoid being banned. Top Camp is essential, not only for caving convenience and efficiency, but also for safety. Meeting these needs consistent with local politics is something of a balancing act which needs everyone's cooperation. It is likely that in 2001 the main top camp will be much more of a low-key affair, with additional bivouacs at the entrances to two of our caves.

If we have a spell of truly awful weather, usually everyone will come down to Base Camp, and this is a good time for getting surveys drawn up, passage descriptions written, log books up to date etc. It's also not unknown for a certain amount of beer consumption to occur. This is also the case at "expedition dinner" which is usually organised somewhere in the middle of expo, when the greatest number of people can attend.

What to read next ?

Obviously, those coming on expedition will have a better and more productive time if they know more about what goes on, what has been done previously and what our particular caves are like. I'd love to think that everyone would find time to read everything on the website. In reality, however, not everyone wants to effectively memorise the guidebook, and devour several books on the history, culture, geography, geology, food, weather and other minutiæ of their holiday area. Even if you are that sort of person, it helps to have some idea of where to start - there's about three long novels' worth of stuff on the site and much of it is of mainly historical interest, concerned with caves whose exploration is considered complete.

We have attempted to condense the "how to do it" material into an Expedition Handbook, which covers topics such as Surveying, Prospecting, Rigging and Rescue. There is also a rather embryonic section on photography. This is still a fairly big chunk of stuff to read, so an effort has been made this year to provide a "primer" page for each section, which should be read by everyone new to expo. It is particularly important that you understand the aims of each activity, since a job done badly is actually worse than a job not done at all. This is especially true of cave survey and passage description, or, for prospecting, the recording of locations.

To get a feel for what trips are like, it is perhaps worth dipping into one of the logbooks for recent years. To get an idea of what expo will be trying to achieve, there is a "mission statement" for the current year. And to see how much potential there is, a glance at the current Kaninchenhöhle Question Mark list is a revelation. Leads are numbered by year, with the most recent first. Following links from any of these leads will get you into the cave description, which gives an idea of the sort of caving. The complete description runs to c 90 A4 pages when printed, so is rather too much to digest in one go ! We recommend looking at the printed survey to get an overall idea of the cave and which parts have the most potential. However, as this is too big for a web page, there are now useful survey fragments incorporated throughout the main descriptions.

If you want to delve deeper into the site, it's worth a quick look at the site road map. This gives you an idea of the structure of the site and where you can expect the graphical links to lead. There are also plenty of textual links, as exemplified by the expo site index.