some missing 'id='links''

years/1989/camp.htm

@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ stuff sacks. Kaninchenhöhle is not wet, so there were no real problems
 in keeping gear dry in transit.
 
 <p>We'll be back in 1990, and it will be fun to see if we can make it a bit
-more civilised. Now, a music system would be really nice.....
+more civilised. Now, a music system would be really nice.....</p>
 <hr />
 <!-- LINKS -->
-<p><ul>
+<ul id="links">
 <li>Cambridge Underground 1990,
 <a href="../../../jnl/1990/index.htm">Table of Contents</a></li>
 <li>1989 Expedition info:

years/1989/cavegd.htm

@@ -20,18 +20,18 @@
 and Vorderer Schwarzmoos Kogels, about 200 metres up towards the Hinterer
 from the col, and about 20m down the east side of the ridge itself. Due to
 its location the cave has been unaffected by the large amount of rock
-shattering usually found blocking shafts in the area.
+shattering usually found blocking shafts in the area.</p>
 
 <p>The relatively free hanging 45m entrance shaft lands in a small chamber
 with four ways on. The most obvious being a 20m shaft leading to a 3rd pitch
 through an eyehole, being 10m in length landing on a boulder strewn floor,
-with two ways on.
+with two ways on.</p>
 
 <p>The left way continues as a 12m pitch landing on a loose boulder slope
 ending in a choke. The right way through a small hole under a huge boulder
 resting on a loose boulder slope, this continues at an angle of 30 degrees
 to a further pitch, this has as yet not been descended due to the unstable
-nature of the boulder slope.
+nature of the boulder slope.</p>
 
 <h4>Rabbit Warren Series:</h4>
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ short climbs-down to a series of shafts and rifts - <b>Adrian's Route</b>
 10m, 40m, 46m in length eventually ending in a draughting sand-filled tube
 with no way on at a depth of 170m. Halfway along the entrance phreatic there
 is a blocked 12m pitch and just beyond that a fork to the right leads to a
-tight stream rift and a couple of nasty but undescended pitches.
+tight stream rift and a couple of nasty but undescended pitches.</p>
 
 <h4>Big Sainsbury's:</h4>
 
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ walking round the corner reveals the open space of <b>Big Sainsbury's</b> - a
 very large passage about 100m long and 10m diameter. This is reached by a 20m
 pitch (<b>Automatic Doors</b>) down to the boulder floor. The fourth way out
 of the entrance chamber (a 1m diameter hole in the floor) comes out in the
-wall halfway down Automatic Doors.
+wall halfway down Automatic Doors.</p>
 
 <p>At the lowest point of this end of Big Sainsbury's - to the right of the
 foot of the pitch a rift leads back through to the '88 second pitch and on
 through the floor (undescended but probably connected to <b>The Dungeon</b>
 passages at base of said 2nd pitch). On the second pitch you descend approx
 12m before penduluming off on to a ledge giving access to this connecting
-rift.
+rift.</p>
 
 <h4>The Dungeon:</h4>
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ another short (4m) pitch. At the bottom of this a passage leads off to three
 different pitch heads. Two of these pitches are short and choked but the
 last goes, however the pitch head consists of a large pile of unstable
 boulders and is accessed by crawling under one of the biggest and thus
-remains undescended.
+remains undescended.</p>
 
 <p>walking 20m up the boulders of Big Sainsbury's takes you to the highest
 point of the chamber. In the left wall is a pair of eyeholes overlooking
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ at the bottom. A few metres further along the left wall is a short low
 passage which chokes after 12m. Another 25m along Big Sainsbury's there is a
 2m x 4m hole against the right hand wall. This is the start of <b>Drunk &amp;
 Stupid</b>, a steeply descending rift which goes down to -200m before
-connecting with the Left Hand Route at French Connection Pitch.
+connecting with the Left Hand Route at French Connection Pitch.</p>
 
 <h4>Alternative Shopper:</h4>
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ which goes for 25m before choking. The first drop is <b>Checkout</b>, the
 main route on. The second drop is <b>Alternative Shopper</b>, a funnel-shaped
 30m pitch followed by a 10m pitch under a big boulder at the bottom. At the
 bottom is a tight rift leading to a chamber where both the rifts out of it
-are too tight.
+are too tight.</p>
 
 <h4>Dreamtime:</h4>
 
@@ -96,31 +96,31 @@ are too tight.
 to stand on the rock ridge between Checkout pitch and the Alternative Shopper
 30m pitch. Along the ridge turn left below loose boulders, traverse a few
 metres, and climb 3m up a steep slab to gain the continuation of Big
-Sainsbury's passage. This traverse should be lined.
+Sainsbury's passage. This traverse should be lined.</p>
 
 <p>The continuation descends for 30m past windows into a large rift on the
 right, before closing down. The route continues to the right into a narrower
-section, and soon leads to a pitch, with two ways down.
+section, and soon leads to a pitch, with two ways down.</p>
 
 <p>A hole to the left descends a 30m pitch (measured but not surveyed beyond
 a window on the left). At the bottom, this closes down to a tight rift to a
 sharp corner and drop, which was not descended due to the near impossibility
-of rigging and return.
+of rigging and return.</p>
 
 <p>Climbing off the pitch through the window, and continuing round to the
 left, pass underneath jammed boulders which form the floor at the pitch head,
 and enter a chamber. The second way down the pitch, ahead rather than to the
-left, lands at this point.
+left, lands at this point.</p>
 
 <p>Climb up a couple of metres at the back of the chamber and pass through an
 eyehole. From here, a vertical climb down for some 6m in an elliptical tube
 enters a bedding plane. To the left, the bedding plane continues to the top
-of a pitch which has not been descended.
+of a pitch which has not been descended.</p>
 
 <p>The examined route goes ahead, as the bedding plane opens into a rift.
 From here on, the passable passages are widened sections within the rift,
 until the limit of exploration is reached, where there are two or three
-possible pitches.
+possible pitches.</p>
 
 <h4>Down to the Squeeze:</h4>
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ free-climbable rift - <b>Rift Sans Nom</b> - ending in an 8m pitch <b>Becka
 Falls</b> with a very tight hammered squeeze - <b>The Squeeze</b> - at the
 top. This rift then enlarges and merges with another, entering a huge
 phreatic passage. This gives two possible ways on. The <b>Left Hand
-Route</b>, and the <b>Right Hand Route</b>.
+Route</b>, and the <b>Right Hand Route</b>.</p>
 
 <h4>Drunk &amp; Stupid:</h4>
 
@@ -141,28 +141,28 @@ ignored in 1988. This should be rigged with a traverse line to reach a tube
 at the bottom leading into a large rift with a 20m hang to boulder strewn
 floor. There is a possible route 10m down the pitch, and a tight side rift to
 an undescended pitch at the bottom. The hole in the floor beneath the
-boulders is about 10m deep to a dead end chamber.
+boulders is about 10m deep to a dead end chamber.</p>
 
 <p>From the bottom of the 20m pitch, a traverse line is required to lead down
 a slippery slope to the head of an excellent 30m pitch (rope pad for the
 belay knot). The main route is now washed rift with traverse lines and a
-couple of short hangs.
+couple of short hangs.</p>
 
 <p>At the bottom of the 30m pitch there is a very tight rift leading back
 which is too tight, and also a parallel rift to the main one, reached by
 climbing up 7m to find a bolt to rig it. This rift heads down and enlarges
-with a 15m pitch at the limit of exploration in 1989.
+with a 15m pitch at the limit of exploration in 1989.</p>
 
 <p>The main route comes to a 20m pitch, where several alternatives are
 possible. The continuation of the D&amp;S route is across into another
-passage at the head of the pitch.
+passage at the head of the pitch.</p>
 
 <p>10m down the pitch is a ledge and a good natural rebelay. From this ledge
 a 1m diameter tube descends a series of climbs and is unexplored. At the
 bottom of the 20m pitch is a 3m diameter chamber with nice fossilized
 bivalves set in the floor. A very tight damp rift heads off from one side. At
 the other side is a very tight squeeze through an eyehole, <b>White Hole</b>,
-into a neighbouring shaft - the continuation.
+into a neighbouring shaft - the continuation.</p>
 
 <p>Follow the passage from the head of the 20m pitch (minding holes in floor)
 to reach a superb natural belay with natural backup in the roof - <b>Parallel
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ muddy hading rift, <b>Bacon Slicer</b>, which requires a traverse line to
 reach a ladder pitch some 15m down. The walls of the rift slope at 65&#176;.
 The rift is relatively tight and awkward although a reasonably easy route was
 eventually discovered that involved doubling back to the streamway 15m below
-the head of the ladder.
+the head of the ladder.</p>
 
 <p>A short climb out of the rift leads to a larger section with a trench in
 the floor. Within 20m the passage closes down into a very loose looking
@@ -183,13 +183,13 @@ boulder choke. Beneath this is a short section of narrow rift leading to the
 head of a fifteen metre pitch, <b>Darkness Dooms</b>. At the base of the
 pitch, the stream disappears down a 3m trench that slopes steeply downwards
 for about 15m. A handline is useful here. The trench gradually widens until a
-sharp right turn where large rift passage is again entered.
+sharp right turn where large rift passage is again entered.</p>
 
 <p>After a short section of wider passage, a 2m boulder climb leads to the
 head of another hading rift. This is much larger than the Bacon Slicer
 although the walls slope at the same angle of 65&#176;. The boulder climb
 marks the start of a spectacular climb down a boulder slope with a vertical
-descent of 18m. The boulder slope ends in:-
+descent of 18m. The boulder slope ends in:-</p>
 
 <h4>The Helipad:</h4>
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ ascended. The stream disappears into boulders in the floor and it is possible
 to climb down through the boulders to an undescended pitch. Immediately to
 the left of the boulder climb is a 5m section of 2m high passage that ends at
 an 8m pitch, <b>Dead and Buried</b>. All ways on from the bottom of the pitch
-were too tight.
+were too tight.</p>
 
 <p>To the right of the waterfall in the Helipad is a short climb up leading
 to a section of small, twisting phreatic tubes. These were not surveyed but
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ Immediately behind the French Connection Pitch is a large phreatic passage
 approximately 5m high. This leads to a small sandy chamber. A climb into a
 rift from the chamber leads to a small section of ever diminishing rift that
 ends at a pitch; this is in fact the other side of Dead and Buried and thus a
-survey connection was made between Left Hand Route and Drunk and Stupid.
+survey connection was made between Left Hand Route and Drunk and Stupid.</p>
 
 <h3>Left Hand Route:</h3>
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ survey connection was made between Left Hand Route and Drunk and Stupid.
 explored for 25m to undescended pitch) and becomes a zig-zagging keyhole
 passage with a very deep narrow canyon in the floor. Two sandy passages off
 on the right after 30m lead to the Left Hand Route camp-site and a climb up a
-boulder slope to a choked aven.
+boulder slope to a choked aven.</p>
 
 <h4>Arrow Chamber:</h4>
 
@@ -229,14 +229,14 @@ leads to <b>Arrow Chamber</b> where there are three shafts and a passage off
 to the right leading to two short undescended pitches after about 15m. The
 three shafts are <b>Butcher, Baker</b> and <b>Candlestick Maker</b> and only
 the easiest to rig one (Butcher) has been descended, although they are
-thought to all be parallel shafts to the same place.
+thought to all be parallel shafts to the same place.</p>
 
 <p>Butcher is found by climbing down under some boulders by the left hand end
 of the far wall of the chamber (the arrow of the chamber name points to the
 relevant boulder). This 45m pitch lands on a choked shaft floor where a
 further parallel shaft can be seen at each side through slots in the walls.
 A large eyehole into the shaft on the right shows the way on, being a
-traverse followed by a 10m pitch.
+traverse followed by a 10m pitch.</p>
 
 <h4>Niflheim:</h4>
 
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ hindering your descent, until a large, wet, black hole is found. This is
 Yggdrasall (the world tree) which hell lies within" - a 51m very wet
 pitch which lands on a rock bridge about 45m down. Here the shaft splits -
 most of the water goes down the French Connection side and the rope goes down
-the other side to land on a ledge about 7m above the floor.
+the other side to land on a ledge about 7m above the floor.</p>
 
 <h4>French Connection:</h4>
 
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ coming down the pitch has cut a small canyon across the chamber floor to the
 5m round to the left before becoming too tight. Also in French Connection
 Chamber there is a hole in the wall about 2m up on the same side as FC pitch.
 This leads through to an aven with a 4m pitch and a 2m climb up into another
-too-tight rift.
+too-tight rift.</p>
 
 <h4>Ragnorok:</h4>
 
@@ -273,19 +273,19 @@ takes you into a narrower canyon section for 10m which is choked with
 boulders at ground level, but an easy climb up 2m at the start of the
 boulders takes you into the passage proper. It is about 8m wide with sides
 sloping down towards a central 0.5m wide canyon in the floor which can only
-be seen occasionally as it has largely been covered with rock fall and sand.
+be seen occasionally as it has largely been covered with rock fall and sand.</p>
 
 <p>About 25m after the climb there is a boulder slope down to the left.
 Climbing under these boulders gives access to a 17m pitch followed by a 10m
 pitch with two ways on at the bottom. The first goes through a small chamber
 (2m high) and then chokes, the second goes along a descending rift for about
-25m before becoming too tight.
+25m before becoming too tight.</p>
 
 <p>At the foot of the boulder slope there is a walking passage which joins
 back to Ragnorok in about 15m and a 4m pitch down to the foot of a sandy
 slope. Climbing up this slope and around a corner to the left leads to an
 open area with a pitch/climb down about 10m to the left and a sizable stream
-canyon to the right. This is a major way on.
+canyon to the right. This is a major way on.</p>
 
 <p>Back in Ragnorok just beyond the pitches is another small wet hole in the
 floor (undescended) and then another 30m of passage (with a choice of either
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ unchecked offshoots, leading to a 12m pitch into a boulder-floored rift.
 Climbing up the sloping floor and then down the other side leads to a 20m
 pitch down to a wet passage. A couple of metres to the left is <b>Thumper the
 Talking Sump</b> and to the right is a couple of short climbs up to an aven
-where the sump water comes down.
+where the sump water comes down.</p>
 
 <h3>Right Hand Route:</h3>
 
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ right for 30m a short 5m pitch breaks up the passage. At the foot there is a
 another 30m brings you to an area with large rock pinnacles, odd water-worn
 clefts. At the start of this there is a small sandy passage in the right hand
 wall which goes downhill for 15m before reaching an undescended (but bolted)
-large rift pitch.
+large rift pitch.</p>
 
 <h4>Over the Rainbow:</h4>
 
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ block allowing a traverse over a deep pitch followed by a steep slope
 upwards; this is <b>Over the Rainbow</b>. To the right of this hole is a rock
 pillar and the other side of it allows a safe bypass. Two other holes in the
 floor in this area connect to <b>Rainbow Pitch</b> which becomes too tight
-10m down.
+10m down.</p>
 
 <h4>Pot of Gold:</h4>
 
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ and down a steep and quite long climb to a fossilized streamway -
 <b>Trembling</b>. It is tight in places and leads to a 25m pitch ending in an
 impossibly tight rift. An inlet off the streamway leads to a maze of phreatic
 tubes, <b>Free Attics</b>, and an active streamway that is too tight to
-follow.
+follow.</p>
 
 <h4>Poxy and Bungalow pitches:</h4>
 
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ rift. 10m on is the 6m <b>Poxy Pitch</b>, again on the right hand wall. You
 then climb down through a massive boulder collapse area to a flat slab and an
 apparent junction. To the right it merely chokes in about 5m but it looks
 like the obvious way on when returning so most people have checked it out in
-detail!
+detail!</p>
 
 <h4>Boulder Alley:</h4>
 
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ hand wall 3m above the floor. A short sandy slope goes up from the foot of
 Boulder Alley and then the steeply descending boulders continue, passing a 4m
 climb down into a stream canyon in the left hand wall. A traverse line starts
 just after this climb, taking you down what is now a false floor, past a
-couple of holes to the edge of the huge open space of <b>Knossus</b>.
+couple of holes to the edge of the huge open space of <b>Knossus</b>.</p>
 
 <h4>Knossus:</h4>
 
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ boulder floor of a 60m diameter domed space. Up in one corner the rift that
 has just been traversed comes down a smooth sloping wall to the chamber
 floor, and a very loose continuation can be seen beneath large boulders.
 There are also a couple of drippy avens and a short canyon over at the
-opposite side of the chamber, and a frozen manganese oxide stream.
+opposite side of the chamber, and a frozen manganese oxide stream.</p>
 
 <h4>Star Wars:</h4>
 
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ is lots of jumbled rock and open space. Over to the left a gap looks over the
 cliff into <b>Tower Blocks</b> and to the right is a steep, loose climb down
 and a small rift passage in the right hand wall. At the foot of the climb you
 can go left down a climb into Tower Blocks, or right over boulders into
-<b>Tower Hamlets</b>.
+<b>Tower Hamlets</b>.</p>
 
 <h4>Tower Hamlets:</h4>
 
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ sloping sandy passage connecting to the other half of Tower Hamlets. This
 consists of a large sand ramp sloping up into the roof and a couple of steep
 1.5m diameter tubes going up at the sides. walking back down the sand slope
 takes you onto the col between Tower Blocks and the passage to <b>Waterfall
-Chamber</b>.
+Chamber</b>.</p>
 
 <h4>Tower Blocks:</h4>
 
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ side of the wide open space there is a shelf leading to a short, choked,
 sandy inlet, and just to the right of this is a climb over a boulder into
 <b>Olympus</b>. Further around to the right the floor drops steeply down to
 the foot of a high drippy aven. A dodgy climb up 10m by the left hand wall
-will also bring you into the start of Olympus.
+will also bring you into the start of Olympus.</p>
 
 <h4>Olympus:</h4>
 
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ chamber and round to the right you can look back down to where you just
 climbed up from. Going down the pitch and walking down the sloping, rocky
 chamber floor brings you to another 6m pitch into the foot of an active
 stream pot. The water goes off down a rift by the foot of the pitch but
-disappears into a boulder choke another 6m down in the bottom of the rift.
+disappears into a boulder choke another 6m down in the bottom of the rift.</p>
 
 <p>The main Olympus passage continues for another 30m, passing a turn off on
 the right hand side. At the end of the passage is an impressive cemented
@@ -437,12 +437,12 @@ a couple of crawls with an aven between them brings you into larger passage
 with yet another choked inlet on the right and a very unlikely-looking
 zig-zag ending with a crawling passage to the left and a 3m climb up into a
 rift straight ahead. This rift leads straight to the top of <b>Flapjack</b>,
-directly opposite the way in from Carrefour.
+directly opposite the way in from Carrefour.</p>
 
 <p>The crawling passage leads to a 2m climb down after 15m with a phreatic
 going left to a 2m climb into a high, choked rift, and right over boulders
 to another view into the Flapjack pitch and a complex collapse chamber with
-various climbs and passages through boulders.
+various climbs and passages through boulders.</p>
 
 <h4>Carrefour:</h4>
 
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ blocked pit to the left with a large wet window through the wall behind
 looking over Flapjack. A lot of water is falling from the roof into the pit.
 Continuing by the right hand wall leads to a junction with a very big
 phreatic passage with a narrow floor slit containing water some 10m below.
-This junction is <b>Carrefour</b>.
+This junction is <b>Carrefour</b>.</p>
 
 <p>To the right is <b>YAPATE Inlet</b> (Yet Another Pitch At The End) which
 goes for 100m with a couple of climbs up, an inlet on the left and a large
@@ -462,13 +462,13 @@ the floor to a boulder-floored area with a way on 5m up the end wall and a
 reach a bedding plane going back to the foot of the hole that was climbed
 over, and another 25m wet pitch - <b>Wish you were here (not me) pitch</b>
 leading to a choice of ways on down a dodgy hole in the floor or over the
-boulders around it into a tight rift.
+boulders around it into a tight rift.</p>
 
 <p>Straight across Carrefour takes you into the <b>Toilet Block</b>, the
 camp-site for the Right Hand Route. A short walking section leads into a very
 high cross rift via a 2m climb. This rift is chocked at both ends, but going
 straight across takes you into a 3m high 2m wide sandy floored passage to a
-crawl into a chamber containing a damp climb down to a choked streamway.
+crawl into a chamber containing a damp climb down to a choked streamway.</p>
 
 <p>Turning left at Carrefour leads past the very wet window into Waterfall
 Chamber to <b>Flapjack</b>, a large pitch leading straight down 30m and then
@@ -486,12 +486,12 @@ enough for cavers and a very tight pitch descends 8m to a small chamber where
 all the water goes through a .5m diameter hole in the floor. Passing through
 this leads to a very wet steeply descending rift and 15m along at the end of
 this is a ridiculously wet 32m pitch to a vertical sump, which is at least a
-couple of metres deep. <b>The Bottom!</b>
+couple of metres deep. <b>The Bottom!</b></p>
 
 <hr />
 
 <!-- LINKS -->
-<p><ul>
+<ul id="links">
 <li>Cambridge Underground 1990,
 <a href="../../../jnl/1990/index.htm">Table of Contents</a></li>
 <li>1989 Expedition info:

years/1989/diary.htm

@@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ were discovered. One, Adrian's Route, choked at -200m. The other two routes
 separated after an awkward squeeze that lay directly above a 10m pitch. The
 left hand route ended at an undescended pitch estimated to be 100m deep. The
 right hand route followed large passages to two enormous chambers at -300m. 
-There were several unexplored routes from the chambers to return to in 1989.
+There were several unexplored routes from the chambers to return to in 1989.</p>
 
 <p>The 1989 expedition aimed to continue the exploration of 161 and resurvey
 the whole cave. One of the primary aims was to find a by-pass to the Squeeze
-Pitch to enable faster descent of the system.
+Pitch to enable faster descent of the system.</p>
 
 <p>The expedition began officially on 5th August, 1989. Most of the
 expedition members arrived by car, bringing with them food and tackle. The
 remainder came by train or flew to Austria. Base camp was established at the
 camp-site at Bad Aussee outside the Gasthof Staudenwirt. A top camp was wet
 up on the Plateau itself close to the Br&auml;uning Nase where a spring
-provided an almost continuous supply of water.
+provided an almost continuous supply of water.</p>
 
 <p>The first week was spent rigging the cave down to the limits of
 exploration and attempting to find a by-pass to the squeeze in the maze of
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ completely out of character with the rest of the cave. A longer and larger
 pitch, 30m, left the ledge. At this point the route was below the level of
 the squeeze and yet was only a small distance horizontally from it. There was
 a strong chance that this route would by-pass the squeeze. The route was not
-named after its discoverers; Drunk and Stupid.
+named after its discoverers; Drunk and Stupid.</p>
 
 <p>Also in the first week, much of the upper parts of the cave and a good
 deal of the Left Hand Route were surveyed. The survey was to B.C.R.A. grade
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ and clinometer readings were taken of a centre line down the cave. Cross
 sections drawn at each places where there was a change in the passage shape.
 Approximate passage height and widths were measured or estimated where
 appropriate. All data was recorded on permatrace paper that was kept in
-aluminium binders.
+aluminium binders.</p>
 
 <p>The beginning of the second week saw the bottoming of Niflheim; the long
 pitch on the Left Hand Route. The pitch was spray lashed and cold and the
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ rigging trips down here were the most uncomfortable in the cave. A brief
 reconnaissance at the bottom of the pitch showed there to be a way on
 through a two foot diameter hole (small for Kaninchenh&ouml;hle). However
 further exploration on this trip was not possible due to a shortage of
-carbide underground.
+carbide underground.</p>
 
 <p>The pushing and surveying continued down Drunk and Stupid although a link
 with either of the routes below the squeeze still proved elusive. Below the
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ development in a vadose trench before another series of pitches that dropped
 into a small chamber; Wet Nappy Chamber. Here a large joint between two
 types of limestone was met which formed a long thin Hading Rift. The rift
 was approximately 30m long and 20m deep although the easiest way through
-took three pushing trips to find.
+took three pushing trips to find.</p>
 
 <p>Several long surveying trips were required to survey the large chambers at
 the bottom of the Right Hand Route, Knossus and Tower Blocks. Several routes
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ led from these chambers and the most promising was pushed down a 50m series
 of short pitches; the Flapjack series. The last of these landed in a small
 streamway where the water sank into small boulders into a canyon that was
 reached further down the passage. A traverse along the canyon led over an
-enormous drop estimated to be seventy to eighty metres.
+enormous drop estimated to be seventy to eighty metres.</p>
 
 <p>By the 16th August good progress had been made down the Right Hand Route
 and Drunk and Stupid, and passages had been surveyed almost up to the pushing
@@ -101,13 +101,13 @@ winched up the entrance pitch and rushed to hospital by helicopter. It took
 eight hours to evacuate her from the cave but in spite of this she arrived at
 the hospital with normal pulse, blood pressure and temperature. This
 reinforces the view that practicing rescue techniques regularly is essential
-and reflects very well on the excellent Austrian Cave Rescue.
+and reflects very well on the excellent Austrian Cave Rescue.</p>
 
 <p>Not surprisingly the accident somewhat dampened the enthusiasm that had
 been prevalent at the start of the expedition. Morale was further depressed
 when the first pushing trip after the rescue found a sump down the Right Hand
 Route. The cave plummeted down a canyon and the sump was discovered at the
-bottom of a circular shaft.
+bottom of a circular shaft.</p>
 
 <p>A team of four divers arrived in Austria at the time of the accident to
 investigate resurgences in the area. Their major aim was to discover whether
@@ -119,13 +119,13 @@ had yielded another interesting find. On the second dive the right humerus
 of a human skeleton was retrieved from the bottom of the lake. After further
 searching with the Austrian Authorities the following day a boot and sock
 were found. The body proved to be that of a villager from Altaussee who had
-drowned in the lake thirty years previously.
+drowned in the lake thirty years previously.</p>
 
 <p>The diving team stayed in Austria for almost two weeks and spent most of
 their time investigating promising resurgences in the area. They found
 several leads that are worth pursuing including resurgences in Wolfgangsee
 and Kessel. One resurgence in Goldloch was pushed to -65m. They hope to
-return again next year.
+return again next year.</p>
 
 <p>Work was continued down the routes in Kaninchenh&ouml;hle by the dry
 cavers. A camping trip down the Right Hand Route saw the completion of the
@@ -136,14 +136,14 @@ of the head of the Flapjack pitches. Another route, also leading off Tower
 Blocks, ascended a large boulder ramp before dropping down 25m into an
 impenetrably tight slot. A pitch at the end of the inlet near the camp was
 also rigged but remains undescended. Several other smaller routes from Tower
-Blocks were also explored and surveyed.
+Blocks were also explored and surveyed.</p>
 
 <p>On the 23rd August, a week after Rebecca's accident, Niflheim was finally
 redescended. Several routes were found from the bottom; the most obvious
 ending in a small slot at the bottom of a 6m pitch. However a side passage
 led across a boulder floor to The Black Lagoon, a chamber with what appeared
 to be a silted sump. From here there were at least two ways on; one leading
-down into a canyon and the second entering a maze-like area of passages.
+down into a canyon and the second entering a maze-like area of passages.</p>
 
 <p>Exploration continued down Drunk &amp; Stupid. At the base of the Hading
 Rift was a small section of horizontal development ending in an 18m pitch
@@ -151,13 +151,13 @@ with awkward take-off. This led to a series of climbs that became ever more
 spectacular in the widening rift. These finally dropped into a chamber with a
 side passage leading off to a short pitch and a waterfall dropping into the
 far end of the chamber. The chamber had a sandy floor with 1m high sand
-ledges around the edge.
+ledges around the edge.</p>
 
 <p>The surveying continued down Kaninchenh&ouml;hle until all the routes
 except sections of the Left Hand Route had been surveyed. Elevations and
 projections were drawn at Base Camp. Drunk and Stupid appeared to pass within
 10m of the Right Hand Route below the squeeze. Several attempts were made to
-link the two routes although no connection was forthcoming.
+link the two routes although no connection was forthcoming.</p>
 
 <p>A second camping trip was mounted to push the routes at the bottom of
 Niflheim. Before this could be done, rope had to be retrieved from the
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ with soil. The way on looked very promising and so the exploration at the
 bottom of Niflheim was abandoned in preference to this. A day of exploration
 yielded several rift pitches that led to a few small chambers. Finally the
 rifts became too tight. The area was surveyed and the campers emerged after
-48 hours underground.
+48 hours underground.</p>
 
 <p>Up until this point, the weather in Austria had been reasonable. There had
 been a few impressive thunder storms but we had had more than our share of
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ the tops of the mountains. We walked up to the plateau to investigate the
 damage to Top Camp and found it almost completely destroyed. Of the six
 tents that were there, only two had survived unscathed and three were
 unusable. Almost all the caving trips from this point were conducted from
-Base Camp making for very long days.
+Base Camp making for very long days.</p>
 
 <p>A further pushing trip down Drunk and Stupid saw the termination of the
 route that left the bottom chamber in a tight squeeze. However another way on
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ pitch choked and so the bottom of Drunk &amp; Stupid had been found. The
 unknown rope was very clean washed and was assumed to be that of a group of
 French Cavers who were exploring a cave close to Kaninchenh&ouml;hle. A note
 was attached to the bottom of the rope explaining that C.U.C.C. had found a
-connection and the cave surveyed to the bottom.
+connection and the cave surveyed to the bottom.</p>
 
 <p>On drawing up the survey however, it was found that the bottom of Drunk
 &amp; Stupid was exceedingly close to the bottom of Niflheim. The connection
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ led up out of the chamber; no other routes left the chamber. At this stage
 it was almost time to detackle the cave. A short exploratory trip across the
 very loose and dangerous section above the third pitch yielded a large
 section of phreatic passage. This ends in an undescended pitch that might
-drop into the Right Hand Route, thus by-passing the squeeze.
+drop into the Right Hand Route, thus by-passing the squeeze.</p>
 
 <p>Detackling eventually arrived with a vengeance on the 3rd September. Three
 teams of three descended each of the three major routes. Unfortunately
@@ -232,13 +232,13 @@ After a rest at what was left of Top Camp we carried him to the car park. We
 were met by the others from Base Camp near Top Camp and we carried him down
 to Top Camp on two poles. Chris arrived in hospital two minutes before
 Rebecca was discharged. After a romantic reunion Chris was wheeled away to
-the x-ray room where it was found that he had fractured his pelvis.
+the x-ray room where it was found that he had fractured his pelvis.</p>
 
 <p>After this accident there was no time for recuperation. The cave had to be
 detackled and so people had to cave the day after the accident. After much
 effort all the rope was brought out from the cave. A further two days of
 carrying saw all the gear down at Base Camp. There was just time to wash and
-dry everything before we had to leave.
+dry everything before we had to leave.</p>
 
 <p>Although two sumps were found, there are still several ways on in
 Kaninchenh&ouml;hle. Down the Right Hand Route there is an unexplored lead
@@ -248,11 +248,11 @@ at the end of the phreatic passage that leads off from over the third pitch.
 There are certainly bound to be many other routes that have not been noticed
 yet. Kaninchenh&ouml;hle is an extremely complicated system and there is
 much to investigate next year. There are also many possibilities of
-exploration in other caves on the Loser Plateau.
+exploration in other caves on the Loser Plateau.</p>
 
 <hr />
 <!-- LINKS -->
-<p><ul>
+<ul id="links">
 <li>Cambridge Underground 1990,
 <a href="../../../jnl/1990/index.htm">Table of Contents</a></li>
 <li>1989 Expedition info:

years/1989/sumup.htm

@@ -12,127 +12,127 @@
 
 <p>1976 This was the first CUCC expedition to Austria, and was primarily a
 reconnaissance trip. The area was sufficiently promising that it was decided
-to return in 1977.
+to return in 1977.</p>
 
 <p>1977 82 Br&auml;uningh&ouml;hle -216m (BCRA Grade 3) Entrance crawl
-followed by a series of wet pitches.
+followed by a series of wet pitches.</p>
 
 <p>97 Schneewindschacht -265m (BCRA Grade 1) Tight entrance series leads to a
-succession of small pitches in a large rift. Too tight at -265m.
+succession of small pitches in a large rift. Too tight at -265m.</p>
 
 <p>76 Eislufth&ouml;hle -150m (BCRA Grades 1-4c) Pushed as far as the Tap
-Room (was originally 106).
+Room (was originally 106).</p>
 
 <p>1978 76 Eislufth&ouml;hle -350m Pushed to -350m as far as The Fiesta Run,
-and still going.
+and still going.</p>
 
 <p>107 G&auml;mseh&ouml;hle -280m (BCRA Grade 3) A series of pitches ending
-in a choke.
+in a choke.</p>
 
 <p>1979 76 Eislufth&ouml;hle -506m Bottomed, though a few side passages left
-unexplored.
+unexplored.</p>
 
 <p>1980 - Joint expedition with UBSS 41 Stellerwegh&ouml;hle -320m A new
-route explored in what was originally a German find.
+route explored in what was originally a German find.</p>
 
-<p>113 Sonnenstrahlh&ouml;hle -329m
+<p>113 Sonnenstrahlh&ouml;hle -329m</p>
 
 <p>1981 - Joint expedition with UBSS 41 Stellerwegh&ouml;hle -680m Pushed
-through Pete's Purgatory. Connected to Schnellzugh&ouml;hle (115) at -400m.
+through Pete's Purgatory. Connected to Schnellzugh&ouml;hle (115) at -400m.</p>
 
 <p>1982 41 Stellerwegh&ouml;hle -898m (BCRA Grade 5, below Confluence)
-Bottomed via Purgatory Bypass.
+Bottomed via Purgatory Bypass.</p>
 
-<p>113 Sonnenstrahlh&ouml;hle Redescended, but the cave went no further.
+<p>113 Sonnenstrahlh&ouml;hle Redescended, but the cave went no further.</p>
 
 <p>1983 142 (near Stellerwegh&ouml;hle) Explored to the Big Chamber and
-connected to Stellerweg.
+connected to Stellerweg.</p>
 
-<p>136 Steinschlagschacht -194m Very many loose boulders.
+<p>136 Steinschlagschacht -194m Very many loose boulders.</p>
 
 <p>143 -125m (BCRA Grade 5a) Became too tight after a series of pitches.
-Later explored to -140m.
+Later explored to -140m.</p>
 
 <p>144 -284m (BCRA Grade 5b) Met phreatic level at -200m, but could not gain
-access to passage heading towards Stellerwegh&ouml;hle.
+access to passage heading towards Stellerwegh&ouml;hle.</p>
 
 <p>145 Wolfh&ouml;hle -300m This cave was named (incorrectly) after a bear
 skeleton that was found near the entrance. Still going at the end of the
-expedition.
+expedition.</p>
 
 <p>1984 A small expedition involving only ten people for three weeks. Wet
-weather at the start of the expedition resulting in low morale.
+weather at the start of the expedition resulting in low morale.</p>
 
 <p>The main aim of exploring Wolfh&ouml;hle further was achieved as the cave
 only went to -426m (approx. 125m further). One pushing team was trapped for
 12hrs by flooding, with water levels rising suddenly. They emerged to meet
-the rescue party who were delayed by the weather.
+the rescue party who were delayed by the weather.</p>
 
 <p>136 Steinschlagschacht -240m (BCRA Grade 1) Ending in a narrowing rift,
-no proper survey due to the dangerous nature of the cave.
+no proper survey due to the dangerous nature of the cave.</p>
 
 <p>143 Explored for connection to Stellerweg. An audible connection was
-found, but was too tight to allow the passage of cavers.
+found, but was too tight to allow the passage of cavers.</p>
 
-<p>145 Wolfh&ouml;hle -426m (BCRA Grade 5b) Bottomed.
+<p>145 Wolfh&ouml;hle -426m (BCRA Grade 5b) Bottomed.</p>
 
 <p>1985 The connection between Stellerweg and 144 was the year's big find.
 Minor extensions were found in 142, and 152 was discovered and explored to a
 connection with Sonnenstrahlh&ouml;hle. The expedition was even smaller than
-the 1984 one, comprising only eight people.
+the 1984 one, comprising only eight people.</p>
 
-<p>142 Minor extensions were found.
+<p>142 Minor extensions were found.</p>
 
 <p>144 Connecting to Stellerweg giving a total depth of -971 m and 6.5km of
-passage.
+passage.</p>
 
 <p>152 (BCRA Grade 5b) Explored to a connection with Sonnenstrahlh&ouml;hle
-at -150m.
+at -150m.</p>
 
-<p>1986 This expedition intentionally left blank
+<p>1986 This expedition intentionally left blank</p>
 
 <p>1987 A small and generally inexperienced party had a rather unsuccessful
 expedition, finding lots of small extensions to existing systems, but only
-one new cave.
+one new cave.</p>
 
 <p>A group of German and French cavers linked their system into Stellerweg,
 making the entire system over 1 km deep, and giving them the highest
-entrance.
+entrance.</p>
 
-<p>87 Minor extensions found but no extra depth gained.
+<p>87 Minor extensions found but no extra depth gained.</p>
 
 <p>113 Sonnenstrahlh&ouml;hle Found new route from just inside the entrance
-to the Opera House.
+to the Opera House.</p>
 
-<p>158 Donner-und-Blitzenh&ouml;hle Pushed to small wet chamber.
+<p>158 Donner-und-Blitzenh&ouml;hle Pushed to small wet chamber.</p>
 
 <p>1988 This was the largest expedition to date, with over twenty-five
 members. A total of three weeks was spent in Austria. With little to
 continue from 1987, the main emphasis was on finding new caves, but
-atrocious weather hampered progress.
+atrocious weather hampered progress.</p>
 
-<p>147 Rediscovered and explored.
+<p>147 Rediscovered and explored.</p>
 
 <p>158 Donner-und-Blitzenh&ouml;hle Rerigged but didn't go beyond last
-year's final chamber.
+year's final chamber.</p>
 
-<p>164 Bottomed, but not surveyed due to flooding.
+<p>164 Bottomed, but not surveyed due to flooding.</p>
 
 <p>161 Kaninchenh&ouml;hle -300m (BCRA Grade 3) A promising and complicated
 system. A tight vertical squeeze was eventually passed to give several ways
-on.
+on.</p>
 
-<p>1989 See the expedition diary for a description.
+<p>1989 See the expedition diary for a description.</p>
 
 <p>161 Kaninchenh&ouml;hle System -500m (BCRA grade 5) A sump was found at
 -500m, and a major new route was developed. Several routes remain
 undescended and there is plenty of potential for further discoveries as the
-complexity of the system becomes apparent.
+complexity of the system becomes apparent.</p>
 
-<p>1990 ??????????
+<p>1990 ??????????</p>
 <hr />
 <!-- LINKS -->
-<p><ul>
+<ul id="links">
 <li>Cambridge Underground 1990,
 <a href="../../../jnl/1990/index.htm">Table of Contents</a></li>
 <li>1989 Expedition info: