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[svn r5797] All this bloody mess now validates as XHTML 1.0 Strict. What's more, some of the obviously out of date bits have been updated, or at least notes written to warn people that the information is out of date. I couldn't be arsed to do the surveying guide as well. I've just spent about eight hours doing this, I need food!

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
<html lang=en>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<title>
Cambridge University Caving Club Prospecting Handbook.
Last update 1998.04.08
CUCC Expo Prospecting Handbook
</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/main2.css" />
</head>
<body>
<h2><center>CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY CAVING CLUB<br>
PROSPECTING HANDBOOK</center></h2>
<h2 style="text-align: center">CUCC Expedition Handbook</h2>
<h1>Prospecting</h1>
<p>Much of the area of the Loser Augst-Eck plateau is rough limestone
pavement (<b>karren</b>), liberally covered with dense areas of dwarf pine,
@@ -22,20 +22,20 @@ from a variety of angles, and little chance to relate the ground to the
1:25000 Austrian Alpine Club map. Prospecting is either a matter of searching
for promising-looking caves with a draught, or shaft bashing many open holes
in the hope that one will go. This latter approach is often a waste of time,
but just a few of them lead to really significant finds !
but just a few of them lead to really significant finds!</p>
<p><b>Shaft bashing:</b>&nbsp;<a href="../plateau/others/l/lrh0.htm">
<img src="../plateau/others/t/lrh0.jpg" align=middle width=143 height=173
alt="Lost Rucksack Hole 0"></a>&nbsp;
<a href="../plateau/others/l/lrh.htm">
<img src="../plateau/others/t/lrh.jpg" align=middle width=123 height=169
alt="Lost Rucksack Hole"></a>&nbsp;
<b>Bolt placing:</b>&nbsp;<a href="../plateau/others/l/lrh1.htm">
<img src="../plateau/others/t/lrh1.jpg" align=middle width=143 height=170
alt="Lost Rucksack Hole 1"></a><br>
Typical shaft bashing, often easiest on ladders: Adam Cooper near Top Camp
in 1993. Bolt placing usually easier on rope, but still in T-shirt &amp;
shorts<EFBFBD>!
<img src="../plateau/others/t/lrh0.jpg" class="icon" width="143" height="173"
alt="Lost Rucksack Hole 0" /></a>&nbsp;
<a href="../plateau/others/l/lrh.htm"><img src="../plateau/others/t/lrh.jpg"
class="icon" width="123" height="169"
alt="Lost Rucksack Hole" /></a>&nbsp;
<b>Bolt placing:</b>&nbsp;<a href="../plateau/others/l/lrh1.htm"> <img
src="../plateau/others/t/lrh1.jpg" class="icon" width="143" height="170"
alt="Lost Rucksack Hole 1" /></a></p>
<p class="caption">(Typical shaft bashing, often easiest on ladders: Adam Cooper
near Top Camp in 1993. Bolt placing usually easier on rope, but still in
T-shirt &amp; shorts!)</p>
<p>All of this has made any systematic prospecting difficult, so there is
still the chance of a significant discovery quite close to Top Camp or to
@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@ small caves are usually marked with a simple painted cross to indicate that
they are worth no further effort, however, nowadays we are not allowed to
mark things with paint. More significant caves get a number, and a written
description. The aim is to link all such caves in to existing surface
surveys, which in turn are tied to a number of
<a href="survey/lasers.htm">fixed points</a> located by laser
theodolite/rangefinder from local trig. points.
surveys, which in turn are tied to a number of <a
href="survey/lasers.htm">fixed points</a> located by laser
theodolite/rangefinder from local trig. points.</p>
<p>The web pages contain as much description as we have of every cave we know
about. To avoid any possibility of errors, this includes some info on caves
not explored by CUCC, though for reasons of Austrian Kataster politics, these
are not publicly accessible on the "live" web site.
are not publicly accessible on the "live" web site.</p>
<p>Clearly, descriptions of two hundred caves are too much to assimilate or
carry about with you (unless, like Wookey, you carry this entire website
@@ -63,53 +63,53 @@ or ignoring. Some caves have been fully explored but are lost, others have
been marked but not explored or vice versa. Hence there is a tabular summary
of CUCC's knowledge of the caves of the Loser plateau. EVERY PROSPECTING
PARTY SHOULD TAKE A (PRINTED) COPY OF THIS WITH THEM INTO THE FIELD. The
caves are divided into five tables:
caves are divided into five tables:</p>
<dl>
<dt><a href="known.htm">Known</a><dd>
Caves which are marked and the location of which is "well known"
ie. very well described and surveyed, or known by someone on expo.
The aim is to get all the caves into this table :-)
<dt><a href="where.htm">Marked</a><dd>
Caves which are marked but the location of which is not believed
to be known by anyone on expo. Some may prove easy enough to find if
someone looks, but most have been looked for without success. If found,
they need to be surveyed to and the route to them described.
<dt><a href="nomark.htm">Unmarked</a><dd>
Caves which are believed unmarked, but are readily found or have been
seen recently. These need at least to be marked, and may need surveying to.
<dt><a href="unknow.htm">Unknown</a><dd>
Caves whose location is uncertain, and which may not be marked. If
they prove to be marked and are found, they should be written up - otherwise
we need to trace someone who knows where they are, or abandon them.
<dt><a href="plus.htm">Noted</a><dd>
Caves which have been recorded in a log or survey book, but never given a
number. They may be marked with a "+" or a "-". These are all caves which
we believe can be found again, and which need revisiting to document them
and give them a number. In some cases they are completely unexplored, but
looked like good prospects when first found.
<dt><a href="known.htm">Known</a></dt>
<dd>Caves which are marked and the location of which is "well known" ie. very
well described and surveyed, or known by someone on expo. The aim is to get
all the caves into this table :-)</dd>
<dt><a href="where.htm">Marked</a></dt>
<dd>Caves which are marked but the location of which is not believed to be
known by anyone on expo. Some may prove easy enough to find if someone looks,
but most have been looked for without success. If found, they need to be
surveyed to and the route to them described.</dd>
<dt><a href="nomark.htm">Unmarked</a></dt>
<dd>Caves which are believed unmarked, but are readily found or have been seen
recently. These need at least to be marked, and may need surveying to.</dd>
<dt><a href="unknow.htm">Unknown</a></dt>
<dd>Caves whose location is uncertain, and which may not be marked. If they
prove to be marked and are found, they should be written up - otherwise we need
to trace someone who knows where they are, or abandon them.</dd>
<dt><a href="plus.htm">Noted</a></dt>
<dd> Caves which have been recorded in a log or survey book, but never given a
number. They may be marked with a "+" or a "-". These are all caves which we
believe can be found again, and which need revisiting to document them and give
them a number. In some cases they are completely unexplored, but looked like
good prospects when first found.</dd>
</dl>
<p>In the tables (and the cave descriptions), bearings are quoted with a
series of standard <a href="abbrev.htm">abbreviations for landmarks</a>,
which gives a good indication of which ones are most useful.
which gives a good indication of which ones are most useful.</p>
<p>There is also a table of which numbers are CUCC ones and of numbers which
appear on entrances which are wholly misleading, the
<a href="cockup.htm">Cock-Ups</a>.
<a href="cockup.htm">Cock-Ups</a>.</p>
<p><i>Note that there is still much missing information about many caves
which appear in the "known" and "marked" lists. Though marked, this may not
be correctly with their Austrian Kataster number. The aim is to mark all of
these correctly with a metal tag bearing their 'official' number over the
next few years. Also, many known caves do not have surface surveys to their
entrances.</i>
entrances.</i></p>
<p>In the lists, caves marked with an asterisk are those which
should be refound as a matter of priority, or for which the missing
information can be obtained with relative ease (eg. those which are close
enough to a known point to make a surface survey to the entrance easy to
achieve).
achieve).</p>
<h4>Numbering Convention</h4>
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ achieve).
on entrances within the Naturschutzgebiet (Nature Reserve) area. The
Austrians have for a while been marking caves with a numbered alloy
tag bolted to the cave entrance. This also has the advantage of a definite
fixed point to take the survey to.
fixed point to take the survey to.</p>
<p>From 1996, we have also had to abandon the system (which we believed
worked pretty well) whereby we had a block of numbers allocated from the
@@ -127,42 +127,38 @@ usually means an extra visit with someone who knows the cave's location in
the year following exploration. Such a someone will not necessarily exist,
which is a recipe for the number of "missing" caves increasing rather than
decreasing. However, it is the Austrians' kataster, and we have to work with
their system.
their system.</p>
<div style="float: left; text-align: center; padding-right: 15pt">
<img alt="Example tag" src="i/9602tg.jpg" width="340" height="286" /><br />
<p class="caption">An example tag - CUCC 96/02</p>
</div>
<p>To overcome this limitation, and try to stop losing caves in which we have
invested effort, CUCC now applies its own unique number to each new cave,
ideally at the time of discovery, using a rock anchor and a tag which can be
replaced when an 'official' number tag is available. This means that the cave
can be identified when refound, even if no-one who knew where it was came out
in subsequent years. Clearly, a good surface location is also pretty
essential.
replaced when an 'official' number tag is available. As of 2000, the standard
practice has been to allocate inital numbers of the form "year-nn", e.g.
2003-01. This means that the cave can be identified when refound, even if
no-one who knew where it was came out in subsequent years. Clearly, a good
surface location is also pretty essential.</p>
<p>As of 1996, there is a single set of tags with a four digit number on
each. The first two digits are the year, the second two are just a serial
number. This stops duplicate numbering, but is not ideal. In future, the
intended format is &lt;year&gt; &lt;discoverer's initials&gt; &lt;serial
number&gt; eg. "CUCC1999AD04". This has it's own problems (eg. needing to
make many more tags than will actually be used, or to carry the means to make
tags on the plateau), and has not really been taken up. Anything longer
than 10m needs a number, a survey of appropriate accuracy, and location
information (<a href="findit.htm">bearings from entrance to known points</a>
and description of route to entrance as a minimum -
<a href="survey/ontop.htm">surface surveys</a> are really required for
caves within a reasonable distance of existing known points, a GPS fix is
probably a convenient compromise in the short term). If a cave is not readily
apparent from the immediate area, bearings or a GPS fix will be found to be
inadequate to refind it, and a good sketch or photographs of the entrance and
its surroundings will be necessary as well.
<p><center><img src="i/9602tg.jpg" width=340 height=286><br>
<b>An example tag - CUCC 96/02</b></center>
<p>Anything longer than 10m needs a number, a survey of appropriate accuracy,
and location information (<a href="findit.htm">bearings from entrance to known
points</a> and description of route to entrance as a minimum - <a
href="survey/ontop.htm">surface surveys</a> are really required for caves
within a reasonable distance of existing known points, a <a href="survey/gps.htm">GPS fix</a> is probably a
convenient compromise in the short term). If a cave is not readily apparent
from the immediate area, bearings or a GPS fix will be found to be inadequate
to refind it, and a good sketch or photographs of the entrance and its
surroundings will be necessary as well.</p>
<p>Caves which require further exploration should be marked "-". Caves which
have been fully explored and surveyed marked "|+|". This includes minor
holes less than 10m in length. (Note that prior to 1996, completely explored
caves were marked "+". Any un-numbered caves found so marked need to be
explored again and documented (in the "Noted" list, as a start). A number as
above should be allocated if they exceed 10m in length).
above should be allocated if they exceed 10m in length).</p>
<p>There are <b>many</b> other caves marked just with a "+" symbol and a few
which just have bolts and no numbers. In the past, any cave which could not
@@ -172,7 +168,7 @@ supposed to record these for the Austrians, so if you find one, please mark
it with a unique identifier and record where it is, <b>even if you don't have
time to re-explore it at the time</b>. This will help us to assess how many
of these caves there are, and to target areas where there are lots first.
Overall, this should reduce the amount of work needed to "catch up".
Overall, this should reduce the amount of work needed to "catch up".</p>
<h4>Previously explored caves</h4>
@@ -181,7 +177,7 @@ tables, you can find out more about the cave by looking at the database of
cave descriptions (links from the tables or from the
<a href="../indxal.htm">Index</a> to all caves). This exists mainly to ensure
that <b>anyone</b> (not just CUCC) finding a cave marked or previously
explored by CUCC can find out all we know about it.
explored by CUCC can find out all we know about it.</p>
<p>For CUCC's caves, we must supply at least a certain minimum of information
to the Austrians, which includes an accurate location, state of exploration,
@@ -190,7 +186,7 @@ caves, we will want a proper drawn up survey, and the aim should be to do a
survey right from the first exploration - if the cave ends, this saves having
to go back again later ! If you find a cave for which adequate information
is not in the database, then at worst document the lack, and at best, go
out and create the missing documentation !
out and create the missing documentation!</p>
<p>As other groups also work in adjacent areas to ours, it is clearly
important that the information is widely available, to avoid clashes of
@@ -205,64 +201,60 @@ publicly available - none of this information has been checked in the field
and is likely to be out of date, if not just plain wrong. The data are
included for completeness and should help CUCC during expeditions. We may be
able to make the data available (through password-protected access to those
net pages) to other groups with a bona fide need.
net pages) to other groups with a bona fide need.</p>
<hr>
<hr />
<!-- LINKS -->
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../icons/lists/0.png">
<a href="index.htm">Expedition Handbook</a> - Intro<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../icons/lists/1.png">
<a href="survey/index.htm">Surveying guide</a> - Overview<br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../icons/lists/2.png">
Surveying Guide - <a href="survey/ontop.htm">surface surveys</a><br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../icons/lists/2.png">
<a href="findit.htm">Taking bearings</a> to locate caves<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../icons/lists/1.png">
<a href="rescue.htm">Rescue guide</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../icons/lists/1.png">
<a href="rigit.htm">Rigging guide</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../icons/lists/1.png">
<a href="photo.htm">Photography guide</a><br>
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../icons/lists/0.png">
<a href="../infodx.htm">Index to info/topics pages</a><br>
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../icons/lists/0.png">
<a href="../indxal.htm">Full Index to area 1623</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../icons/lists/1.png">
<a href="../areas.htm">Area/subarea descriptions</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../icons/lists/1.png">
<a href="../index.htm">Back to Expedition Intro page</a><br>
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../icons/lists/0.png">
<a href="../../index.htm">Back to CUCC Home page</a><br>
<ul id="links">
<li><a href="index.htm">Expedition Handbook</a> - Intro
<ul>
<li><a href="survey/index.htm">Surveying guide</a> - Overview
<li><a href="rescue.htm">Rescue guide</a></li>
<li><a href="rigit.htm">Rigging guide</a></li>
<li><a href="photo.htm">Photography guide</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="../infodx.htm">Index to info/topics pages</a></li>
<li><a href="../indxal.htm">Full Index to area 1623</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../areas.htm">Area/subarea descriptions</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="../index.htm">Back to Expedition Intro page</a></li>
<li><a href="../../index.htm">Back to CUCC Home page</a></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<hr />
THIS PAGE IS INTENDED TO BE USED TO LOG REVISIONS TO THIS DOCUMENT.<br>
(but only revisions to content, not typos and link bugs...)
<h3>Revision history</h3>
<p>(but only revisions to content, not typos and link bugs...)</p>
<dl>
<dt>23 April 1996<dd>
First attempt, missing most of the +/- and surface survey info. Also, haven't
marked any caves with asterisks yet AJD
<dt>1996.04.23</dt>
<dd>AJD: First attempt, missing most of the +/- and surface survey info. Also,
haven't marked any caves with asterisks yet AJD</dd>
<dt>1996.06.11<dd>
Integrated existing prospecting page with Anthony's "what to do if you
find..." tables from his RTF file. Formatting is currently crap. Links
need putting in to save using the index.
<dt>1996.06.11</dt>
<dd>AERW: Integrated existing prospecting page with Anthony's "what to do if
you find..." tables from his RTF file. Formatting is currently crap. Links need
putting in to save using the index.</dd>
<dt>1996.07.25<dd>
Added section on taking bearings - more views identifying peaks still
needed.
<dt>1996.07.25</dt>
<dd>AERW: Added section on taking bearings - more views identifying peaks still
needed.</dd>
<dt>1996.11.28<dd>
AERW: split file up, so tables are in separate pages. Added more info
(and picture) on numbering/tagging scheme. Some rewrite of politically
sensitive points.
<dt>1996.11.28</dt>
<dd>AERW: split file up, so tables are in separate pages. Added more info (and
picture) on numbering/tagging scheme. Some rewrite of politically sensitive
points.</dd>
<dt>1997.01.01<dd>
AERW: finished tidying and linking tables, split off section on taking
bearings, with its pictures of peaks - linked with surveying document.
<dt>1997.01.01</dt>
<dd>AERW: finished tidying and linking tables, split off section on taking
bearings, with its pictures of peaks - linked with surveying document.</dd>
<dt>2004.04.21</dt>
<dd>DL: Fiddled formatting slightly, and also updated the section on
provisional tagging of caves in accordance with current practice (those who
disagree with current practice are asked not to shoot the messenger).</dd>
</dl>
</body>
</html>