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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
<html lang=en>
<head>
<title>1623/161 Kaninchenh&ouml;hle exploration history
</title>
<META name="author" content="Andy Waddington">
<META name="date" content="1998.09.09">
<META name="description" content="Kaninchenh&ouml;hle (1623/161) history of, and index to all recorded trips">
</head>
<frameset cols="175,*">
<frame name="index" src="../../smkridge/161/years.htm" marginwidth=1 marginheight=1>
<frame name="year" src="../../smkridge/161/1990.htm" marginwidth=1 marginheight=1>
</frameset>
<noframes>
Your browser doesn't seem to have frames enabled - please click
<a href="../../smkridge/161/1990.htm">here</a> to see the 1990 history
without frames, and
<a href="../../smkridge/161/hnotes.htm">here</a> (using "open in new window")
for the accompanying explanatory note.
</noframes>
</html>

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
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<head>
<title>1990: Cambridge Underground report</title>
</head>
<body>
<center><font size=-1>CTS 91.1327/c: Cambridge Underground 1991 pp 16-19</font>
<h2>Cave Descriptions of 162 and 163</h2></center>
<p align=right>Wookey
<p>These are two caves discovered in '88 by Adam which were surveyed (and
surveyed to) this year by Wookey and Dave F. Both caves are along the side of
the Hinter Schwarzmoos K&ouml;gel, about halfway between 161 and
Eish&ouml;hle. Following the French traverse route along the shelf marked
with orange spray paint from 161c will take you just below both of the
entrances.
<h3><a name="162">162</a></h3>
<p>162 is about 200m closer to 161 than 163, and is about 250m from vd1. To
get to it from there, head down the gully directly below vd1 (bearing about
100&deg;)for about 130m, then turn right, angle right and traverse below the
bunde field on the right along the most obvious shelf (you should find the
French path here) for another 130m or so). The cave entrance is a 1.5m by 2m
hole in the wall to the right of the traverse shelf with a very cold draught
coming out of it. It is one shelf above the French path, and if you are at
the wrong level you will miss it.
<p>This cave is the larger of the two (33m deep, 159m surveyed length) and
takes a good couple of hours to explore thoroughly. Through the entrance is a
large chamber with a 4m by 8m crater in it. A 3m climb down to the bottom
gives access to a 3m climb back up to the right, leading into the cave and a
crawl at the lowest point of the boulders leading into a choked bit of cave
with small solutional stuff in the roof. It is also possible to traverse
around the left edge of the crater to reach a triangular crawl which goes for
about 10m before it gets too tight.
<p>The entire floor of this cave consists of small rocks and boulders. There
is no solid rock anywhere horizontal, except halfway down the pitch.
<p>After climbing out of the hole there is another 5m deep choked hole
beyond. Traverses round to both the left and the right are possible, although
a little care is required due to the low roof and loose floor.
<p>To the right, rubble coming out of the bottom of a choked shaft almost
blocks the passage but a crawl through to the left remains, with a strong
wind blasting through the confined space. Beyond this constriction the
draught is lost. The roof remains low on the other side, although it is
possible to stand up off to the left where there is a 4m climb up to what
looks like a way on but is actually blind. Moving around the boulder pile to
the right leads to a big passage. There are a few large boulders 10m to the
right with a 4m climb down between them leading to a tight choked rift. This
was also dug into from the top passage by the extremely zealous original
explorers! There is an alcove in front and a rubble slope up to the right.
Round the corner to the right is another shaft-bottom rubble pile and a hole
disappearing into the roof. At the top of the slope to the left is a 4m climb
up through and around big wedged boulders to reach an impressive chamber 7m
by 9m and 12m high. There is a possible climb up into an aven in the corner
which probably doesn't go and has a couple of moves at the top which need
protecting.
<p>Back at the fork near the entrance, turning left and thrutching over a
couple of rocks (another windy spot) leads to the head of a 17m pitch broken
by a ledge 8m down. There is a bolt for a ladder hang on this ledge. Going
off to the left allows a safe traverse past the pitch continuation to the
bottom of a 6m high rift with some ice in it, slowly narrowing as it goes up.
<p>At the foot of the pitch is what looks like an ancient phreatic remnant.
It is about 40m long and 6m wide, and mostly full of rocks. To the left it is
blocked at the end by the rubble coming out of the bottom of a big shaft. It
is possible to work round the foot of this for about 3m to the left and 10m
to the right.
<p>Going the other way down the passage reveals a large snow column by the
left hand wall. It is possible to climb up between the column and its
containing shaft, presumably all the way to the surface, but no-one has
managed it yet. Beyond this column the roof gets lower, apart from a couple
of solutional avens and eventually a small shaft-bottom rock pile and a
couple of small inlet tubes mark the end of the cave.
<p><img alt="survey - 16k gif" width=649 height=505 src="../../smkridge/others/162.gif">
<h3><a name="163">163</a></h3>
<p>This is a fairly small cave remnant (17m deep, 58m surveyed length), but
it does have a draught at the end suggesting more passage beyond.
<p>163 is in the right hand side of a 15m diameter couloir which also has a
couple of other tubes going off it. The entrance is low and wide (3.5m)and
descends down a rocky slope for 20m to some impressive ice stals. There is a
small tube in the roof on the right through which daylight can be seen. The
cave extends another 10m past the ice stals in fossil passage until it
chokes. A 3m climb up on the left allows access to a tiny rift which can be
climbed down for a few uninspiring metres.
<p>5m back from the ice stals, towards the entrance, there is a stoop under a
massive boulder forming the left wall. Here is a 3m climb down into the
second part of the cave. Downslope from here is a chamber with a small frozen
stream running through it and a choked alcove containing another ice stal
beyond the stream. The chamber through which the stream 'flows' appears to
have been formed by the entire roof falling about 1.5 metres in one piece and
it is possible to climb underneath this huge rock near the way in. Over on
the right is a climb through an eyehole to a 3m climb down into a stream
rift. This has a howling draught coming out of it but it is too small to get
down - although the heavy application of a hammer might do the trick.
<p><img alt="survey - 12k gif" width=640 height=385 src="../../smkridge/others/163.gif">
<hr>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>1990: Cambridge Underground report</title>
</head>
<body>
<center><font size=-1>CTS 91.1327/b: Cambridge Underground 1991 pp 11-15</font>
<h2>1623/161 - Kaninchenh&ouml;hle. Cave description.</h2></center>
<p align=right>Dave Fearon, Mike Richardson, Del Robinson &amp; Wookey
<p>The description that follows is of the 1990 discoveries. A complete
description of the cave up until 1990 may be found in the
<a href="../1989/cavegd.htm">1990 Journal</a>.
<h3>DREAMTIME</h3>
<p>Descend the third pitch to the col below the upper rebelays, between the
pitches to Death's Door and Alternative Shopper. Cross the col and climb the
boulders to the back wall, then traverse left to gain a large passage, the
start of Dreamtime. A traverse line should be used as some boulders are
loose.
<p>The passage descends over boulders and a trench in the floor, with a holes
on the right leading into a blind rift, Bullshit Alley. The main passage
eventually closes off, but a narrow passage to the right descends to Eyehole
Pitch. A hole to the left descends a 20m pitch to an excessively tight rift,
which would be near impossible to rig without a power drill. Ahead, Eyehole
pitch is a 4m drop into a chamber, with a window back to the 20m pitch.
Ahead, climb over or through a rock bridge and down an elliptical tube to
enter a bedding plane.
<p>To the left, the bedding plane leads left to a short pitch to the bottom
of the 20m pitch, and right to Gnome Passage, a small winding passage which
forks just after a stal boss. The right hand fork eventually closes down, the
left hand leads to a drafting choke through which black space can be seen.
This might be worth further attention.
<p>Back at the bedding plane, ahead enters a rift via a handline climb.
Traverse over a hold in the floor, and continue until the rift drops right
into a pit. Climbing the far side of the pit gains a short passage to
Dreaming Pitch. The descends to a short horizontal section, and then Hinge
Pitch. Hinge Pitch drops about 10m to become tight, but about 5m down, a
ledge can be gained on the right. Climb over a notch and down into a larger
passage.
<p>This passage is about 50m long, over a hole which should preferably be
provided with a hand line. This hole has not been descended. At the end of
the passage, just before Stinky Pool, climb up to the right into a cross
passage, leading to the top of Hole in the Roof Pitch. This descends for 30m
via a ledge and rebelay to land on boulders. To the left is a blind pit, to
the right a climb down and short section of passage to join the Right Hand
route, a few metres above Bungalow Pitch.
<hr>
<h3>RIGHT HAND ROUTE</h3>
<h4>Boulder Alley</h4>
<p>A 5m climb up the left wall at the top of Bungalow Pitch leads into a 4m
diameter passage which runs for 20m and then looks out over Boulder Alley.
There is also a hole on the right overlooking Poxy Pitch. Traversing out from
the hole (needs a rope) across some very friable rock leads to the shaft part
way down the Alley.
<h4>Over The Rainbow</h4>
<p>Just to the right of the OTR bypass at the same level is a small passage.
10m along this is a choice of: straight on; a 2m climb down; or a larger
passage on the right which doubles back to a 4m pitch into OTR. Straight on
leads to a 3m wide, 2m deep hole in the floor. It is possible but difficult
to traverse over it and it is easier to go down the climb and along a lower
passage which comes out into this hole, and then climb up the far side.
Beyond this the passage veers left and then wiggles back into the main RH
Route passage via a choice of routes and sandy climbs down.
<h4>Vestabule</h4>
<p>In the Chunnel, 10m before the 3m climb down into OTR there is a small
mud-floored passage going off in the right hand wall. This can be followed
past a junction on the right with a tiny passage leading back into the
Chunnel 10m further along, to a 12m pitch into a 3m wide by 20m high rift.
This pitch lands on a boulder 6m above the actual floor. Steep climbs can be
followed downwards to the lowest point where a further 8m pitch which is just
free-climbable gets down to the choked floor.
<p>Going uphill from the pitch for 30m leads to a 19m pitch which is also
choked. There is a small 15m long passage in the left wall and a 6m climb up
the right hand wall 10m back from the pitch leads into a passage which
quickly comes back into the Chunnel directly above the OTR climb.
<hr>
<h3>DEHYDRATION</h3>
<h4>Staircase 36</h4>
<p>At the end of Yapate Inlet just beyond a roped traverse over a hole is a
7m pitch up 'Staircase 36'. The first ascent was achieved by climbing up the
less vertical wall 5m to the left (above Gob on You) and then traversing
right along a sloping, muddy ledge. As this was non-trivial, the pitch has
been left rigged (1990).
<h4>Chicken Flied Nice</h4>
<p>At the top of the pitch is a big phreatic passage ('Chicken Flied Nice'),
similar to Yapate but with only a shallow floor trench. After a sharp
left-right zig-zag a sandy 2m slope up on the left leads to a T-junction with
a rift parallel to CFN.
<p>To the left it is very narrow and after 20m looks out over Gob on You.
<p>To the right the rift is much bigger (about 4m by 6m). walking over a few
boulders brings you to the foot of a 3m pitch up to the rest of the rift and
a 3m climb down over blocks into a young, active stream passage. A couple of
2 to 3m climbs back up are possible upstream along this before it gets too
tight.
<p>The main rift continues above the pitch for another 25m past a high aven
on the left to rejoin CFN at a sandy bank.
<h4>Burble</h4>
<p>The CFN phreatic continues up dip past this junction to a 90&deg; right
bend. In the outside wall of this corner is a narrow inlet ('Burble') which
goes for 20m to a small chamber with a little stream on the right and a 3m
climb on the far side. This leads to a dead straight passage which has been
crab-walked for about 60m to an undescended pitch and possible traverse.
<h4>Strange Downfall</h4>
<p>Back in CFN the passage changes at the 90&deg; corner; the floor trench
cuts down and widens to a high stream rift which opens onto a big space,
possibly a partially collapsed shaft. A 23m pitch lands on boulders, where
climbing down the boulders to the left reaches a small rift which is fairly
full of stones at this point. The rift may be followed in either direction.
<h4>Hyper Gamma Spaces</h4>
<p>Turning right and traversing over two 3m deep holes leads to a right turn
and a 4m climb down to a chockstone plus another 5m climb down to a boulder
choke. Descents can be made in various places along this rift for up to about
20m, but all routes seem to choke. This area, including the big chamber is
'Hyper Gamma Spaces'.
<h4>Endless</h4>
<p>Turning left in the rift immediately gives a very loose 3m climb down to a
widening of the rift. This is the start of 'Endless', a steeply descending
(35&deg; to 40&deg;) 140m long rift, only 5m high at this end but a good 40m
high at the other. From here there is a crawl ahead and to the left, and two
climbs down to the right.
<p>The small crawl goes for some 30m before getting too tight.
<p>The first climb is about 3m to a pitch aligned with the rift.
<p>The second climb (of 7m) is the way on. Beneath its foot is a further 3m
climb down leading to a rift pitch (probably the same as the one reached from
the above). These pitches have not been descended.
<p>Continuing down Endless leads to various amusing climbs and a junction to
the left after 60m.
<p>A stoop leads through to an angled chamber with a roof tube 7m up the
right hand wall which winds somewhat before emerging back in Endless some 15m
above the floor (not climbable at this point).
<h4>Hasta La Vesta</h4>
<p>20m further on is a 2m climb up and a 5m climb down followed by a couple
of loose climbs (beware) leading to Hasta La Vesta - a horrible pile of
boulders calling itself a pitch head.
<p>Just before this there is a hard 5m climb down into a sand-filled dead
end.
<p>About 10m down the appalling HLV pitch a pendulum to the right above two
big holes can be made (the wall is very loose).
<p>From here an ascending rift passage can be followed to an unascended (as
most of it fell off when it was attempted) climb. This rift may well be the
one continuing beyond Fifty Francis's Phreatic Freehang in Flat Battery as
voices have been heard in the area.
<h4>Captive Wedge</h4>
<p>Of the two holes, only the right hand one has been descended, although
they may connect about 30m down. After a rebelay, Captive Wedge opens out and
there is a drippy section then another rebelay far out to the left after a
big ledge. From the floor a climb up to the left gives access to a passage
containing increasingly awkward climbs. An obvious hole leads to a large
shaft with a sloping wall. There is a window in the opposite wall. The
obvious way on from the bottom of the shaft becomes too tight. There are
several mud choked passages radiating from the bottom of the pitch. <hr>
<h3>FLAT BATTERY</h3>
<p>This consists of a long series of pitches from ledge to ledge down to a
complex phreatic level where the way on is blocked by sand.
<p>30m back from the end of Yapate Inlet is a sandy slope up to the a
straight rift forking off on the right. This apparently ends quickly in a
narrowing climb but ducking under the right wall, down a slope and over a
boulder which 'obviously' blocks the passage, leads to a small chamber. There
is a floor-level dead-end flat out crawl ahead, a steep passage up (the way
on) to the left and a tiny roof tube ('Short Circuit') which also connects to
the way on but which is impassable.
<h4>Oldham Pitch</h4>
<p>The passage comes out at a double pitch head (two holes leading to the
same place). Above is more shaft, the top of which can be reached by a climb
back in Yapate, and an audible connection to the approach rift.
<p>Down the 25m Oldham pitch is a stream rift to a 6m pitch. At the foot of
this is a hole down and a squeeze along a rift to the right.
<p>Through the hole is 3m climb down to a damp view along a too tight rift.
<h4>Triple A</h4>
<p>The first squeeze is 'AA' ('Double A') and 1m beyond it is another ('AAA'
or 'Triple A') which is great fun, especially with tackle, as it is angled
down to the head of 'Jackpot', an 8m pitch.
<h4>Fifty Francis's Phreatic Freehang</h4>
<p>The rift becomes much bigger beyond Jackpot and across the ledge is a 13m
pitch 'NiFe' leading via another ledge to Fifty Francis's Phreatic Freehang,
a stunning 40m free pitch. At the foot of this is a 2m climb up to the
continuation, which can be seen through a hole ('Maud's Window') in a rock
arch ('The Mathematical Bridge') at the foot of a further 3m climb down from
where FFPF lands.
<p>The continuation is yet another pitch of 15m with a space off to the right
which connects with Ariadne's aven below. At the bottom of this pitch is a 1m
diameter hole onto a final 8m pitch ('FX2') to the phreatic level
('Electrolyte Level').
<h4>Electrolyte Level</h4>
<p>To the left of FX2 is a pair of high avens ('Ariadne's Aven') with a
beautiful pocked and pebbled floor. At the back of the aven there is a 4m
climb up to nothing very exciting.
<p>To the right is a 2m sandy climb to a roped traverse around a 10m long 4m
deep hole.
<p>Near the foot of FX2 the passage cuts down below the sand and rock floor.
It is easy to climb down into this but it soon becomes sufficiently tight to
require removal of SRT gear. Following this tortuous passage through a small
choke leads back out into the main passage at the bottom of the traverse
hole.
<p>In the right hand wall of the hole is a 1.5m by 0.5m passage. This also
soon requires gear removal and is both small and has a couple of athletic
bits. After about 30m it crosses an even more ridiculous passage which could
possibly be followed if this was Mendip. Beyond this there are several
zig-zags of slightly uphill flat-out crawling culminating in a nasty duck
which can be baled to make it a bit less awful. Beyond this is a fork with a
difficult skydive (Quaking-style) 3m climb/pitch to the left into what looks
like larger passage. This would require some rigging to re-ascend.
<p>Right at the fork is a steeply ascending (55&deg;) passage through which
at least an audible connection back to the main passage probably exists. It
was not followed due to lack of time and enthusiasm, but the sound of bolting
was heard.
<p>Beyond the hole the sandy-floored passage continues past a 0.3m diameter
hole in the floor. This is a tight 3m pitch down to a sand-choked chamber.
<p>The passage ends in an amazing 8 inch thick false compacted sand floor and
a 5m pitch down to a sand slope. This chokes at the bottom, and the top leads
into a large chamber with a cracked mud and sand floor. There is a choked 15m
pitch in the floor, a small tube to the right and a 4m pitch up the opposite
wall.
<p>The tube descends for about 10m to a small rift. A climb up for about 5m
is possible before it gets too wide and muddy.
<p>Up the 4m pitch the ascent continues via a short climb and a 3m
free-climbable pitch to a boulder-floored chamber. A loose tube leads back
down from here to the sandy chamber and there is a 5m pitch down to an
impassable rift. Off to the right is a crawl to a T-junction. Left it soon
gets too tight. Right leads to a pitch which looks down on the 5m climb up
from the small rift mentioned above.
<hr>
<h3>FLAPJACK II</h3>
<p>This leads off from -50m down Flapjack at a rather convenient ledge. Back
behind the ledge, a narrow rift leads off via two small pitches (7m and 7m)
to a small chamber with water entering in one corner. The continuation of the
rift ('No, you go first') is more complex with different levels (guide string
remains) and an awkward last right hand corner. Rift leads to top of an 8m
pitch into a larger chamber.
<h4>Too Much Too Soon</h4>
<p>The character of the cave changes as the chamber opens into a 100m pitch,
'Too Much Too Soon'. Traverse to right and up to reach a Y-hang (42m
free-hang). No other ways continue. The pitch lands on a big ledge at
-65/70m, and there is a further ledge 10m down. From here a final rebelay
gives a 20/25m hang down last section of 5m phreatic riser to land on
squelchy muddy floor, 'Splatdown'. Opposite the landing point is a small tube
leading to a 3m climb. A 6m climb follows down to a small chamber from which
an impenetrable rift drops 8 to 10m to water.
<hr>
<h3>LEFT HAND ROUTE</h3>
<h3>POWERSTATION</h3>
<p>An impressive pitch series that doesn't seem to go anywhere.
<p>At the corner before Arrow Chamber there are a couple of fallen blocks and
some holes in the floor. The smallest hole, on the outside of the corner was
the way chosen although they all seem to go into the same rift. This first
pitch is 7m down to the stone-covered Foulness Ledge. From here is the
classic 35m Dounreay pitch down to a ledge.
<p>From here you can continue down a further 5m pitch (Sizewell A) or go
through a rift to the left to another 5m rift pitch (Sizewell B). There is a
visual connection between the bottom of these two pitches.
<p>There is a further 3m drop from the bottom of Sizewell A to a floor with a
narrow hole in it and a boulder slope up to a window onto a big space,
probably the top of Dinorwig, and a very awkward, tight passage just to the
left of the window. This looks over a couple of holes in the floor and has
not been pushed.
<p>Through the narrow hole is a 9m pitch to a ledge looking out onto a
massive shaft. This is Dinorwig, a 53m pitch with a small rift at the bottom.
A 4m pitch under a large boulder leads to a 13m pitch. Halfway down this on
the left is a dead end passage. At the bottom are a couple of small ways off,
both of which are blocked.
<hr>
<!-- LINKS -->
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/0.gif">
Cambridge Underground 1991,
<a href="../../../jnl/1991/index.htm">Table of Contents</a><br>
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/0.gif">
1990 Expedition info:<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="index.htm">Index</a> (more detail than in this list)<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="log.htm">Logbook</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="report.htm">Expo Report</a> (Diary)<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="162163.htm">Entrances 162 and 163</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="newent.htm">New Entrances</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
Surveying Report:<br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
<a href="svy1.htm"> 1: Calibration</a><br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
<a href="svy2.htm"> 2: Survey Production</a><br>
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<center><font size=-1>CTS 91.1327/g: Cambridge Underground 1991 pp 32-34</font>
<h2>Drill Report</h2></center>
<p align=right>Wookey
<p>As part of this year's techno-overkill we succeeded in getting ourselves
sponsored by the nice men at Bosch to the tune of one cordless hammer drill.
This, actually a GBH 24VRE, soon became named Geraldine B. Heronworthy, and
was affectionately known as just Geraldine.
<p>First a bit of spec: the drill has an SDS chuck which allows easy changing
of bits by hand with no chuck key to lose underground. It comes with a 1.2
amp hour battery which fits into the handle.
<p>The first thing we did was adapt the drill for underground SRT use. We
added a chain handle with which to hang it from a harness. Tony produced a
wooden insert to plug in instead of the normal battery which had a curly
cable attached so that an external battery could be used. Animal's Photon
Cannon battery was ideal for this as it was 24V and designed to be caveproof
so a connector for this was fitted. On testing in Settle carpark one weekend
the drill seemed to go slower than with its own battery but this didn't seem
likely to be much of a problem. Also a protective baggy was constructed by
Julian to allow Geraldine to survive the caving experience.
<p>In order to test the drill to determine both it and the battery's
performance we procured a kerbstone from some roadworks and proceeded to
drill holes in it. This also ensured that the battery had been given its
first few discharge cycles to get it up to full capacity in accordance with
Bosch's instructions. True to form the number of holes (30mm deep with the
13mm bit provided) went from 14 to 19 over five charge-discharge cycles. We
also compared the drill with a standard mains powered Black and Decker drill
with hammer action and it proved to be able to drill holes about five times
as fast (taking between 20 and 45 seconds depending on how hard the user
pushed).
<p>One problem with using a power drill for SRT bolt holes is that the holes
drilled have conical ends and so it is very dodgy putting the standard
self-drilling anchors in as their strength depends on the wedge (cone) being
driven in by the end of the hole. If this end is not flat the wedge may move
further into the hole rather than properly expanding the spit. It is also
difficult to drill the holes to exactly the right depth with the drill, where
only about 1.5mm of error either way can be accepted. Both these problems can
be dealt with by finishing off each hole with the standard self-drilling
technique but this means that a complete normal bolting kit must be carried
along with the Drill bolting kit, which means yet more gear and is not a very
pleasing solution.
<p>A better solution is to use different anchors, specifically designed for
use in conical holes. Discussions with Messrs Cordingley and Carter one night
in Green Close about their aven bolting activities produced a recommended
anchor - the Hilti HDK. These are also quite happy in holes which are too
deep as they don't use the end of the hole at all.
<p>We found the Cambridge Hilti distributor and boogied on down with grubby
surveys clutched in our sweaty paws with intent to scrounge/buy some anchors.
The Hilti man was astounded to discover that we were using spits around their
maximum stated loads, carefully ignoring the usual safety margin! Having
decided that we were nutters he was very helpful, demonstrating the HDK spits
with their internal wedges which are driven out with a special driver, and
photocopying the spec (see later). We even got a 15% discount out of him. We
would have liked to buy stainless anchors in the interests of longevity, and
thus indirectly safety and conservation, but at 28 quid for a box (100) of
galvanised and 109 quid for a box of stainless we decided that we couldn't
afford to be altruistic.
<p>Tony provided a block of limestone which had been destined for someone's
rock garden to further our experiments as all the Hilti figures were for
concrete, as were our kerbstone holes. We had expected to get many fewer
holes per charge but only actually got about 10 to 15% fewer. We now changed
to using a 10mm bit to correspond with the new HDK spits. These spits have
the same 8mm thread as the old spits (so all our hangers would fit) but can
have thinner walls as they don't have to be strong enough to be hammered
whilst drilling.
<p>With this smaller bit we got significantly more holes per charge although
there was significant variation in how many we actually got (between 34 and
22). We assume that this variation was caused by different duty cycles,
temperature and technique. We tried drilling holes with heavy pressure as
fast as possible which resulted in both drill and battery becoming very hot,
and drilling with lighter pressure and a 5 second gap between holes which
gave a cooler drill and more holes.
<p>We also tried placing a couple of bolts and found that when setting them
the driver wouldn't quite go all the way in, as it had when demonstrated in
the shop (in air), and when used on KK. We wondered about this but didn't
realise that it was to become more significant in Austria.
<p>A limited rock surface, the time consuming nature of the tests, and the
complaints about noise and vibration from three floors up (the rock was
living on Del's Churchill windowsill) all conspired to limit the total amount
of testing, making our conclusions somewhat tentative.
<p>It seemed from our experiments that the supplied battery had sufficient
capacity to be useful so only one spare would be required for recharging back
down at base. Also some practise in drilling the holes and placing the spits
before trying it underground is beneficial.
<p>So out in Austria Geraldine and a couple of BDH's, each containing bit,
driver and some spits, were transported up to the cave, along with all the
rest of the rubbish. Her first job was re-rigging Checkout (the third pitch)
yet again, and putting in bolts for the Dreamtime traverse (wielded by Dave).
The next day she was taken down to attempt the Yapate climb, and used to
re-rig Bungalow Pitch on the way (Jeremy taking three attempts to get a bolt
set properly as he hadn't practised it before).
<p>Unfortunately the battery went flat after just half a hole at Yapate. This
meant that despite the 30-odd holes on the surface, we were only getting nine
holes underground - bloody typical. This sort of performance continued
throughout the Expo, although the total use was not that high for reasons
which will become clear shortly. Unfortunately there was never an opportunity
to just use a whole battery in one go so the discharge always took place with
at least one night's sitting around between start and finish. We came to the
conclusion that a combination of the low temperature reducing the battery's
dischargeable capacity, and a high self-discharge rate whilst not in use gave
us this reduction in effective capacity.
<p>After the flat battery episode Geraldine sat around for a bit until a
tourist trip near the entrance started down Checkout. Mark Scott was the
unfortunate who tried to abseil from one of the rebelays rigged with the new
spits when it fell out. This, not surprisingly, led to some distrust of our
amazing new technology so Geraldine lay disused for a time until Wookey and
Dave brought her back up to the surface.
<p>The fact that it seemed to be impossible to set the spits according to the
instructions, (ie. getting the driver shoulder flush to the head of the
spit) was primary suspect for the spit not holding properly. The problem with
this was that if Dave couldn't set them then no-one else stood much chance.
The testing took the form of putting bolts into boulders, tying them to
something and throwing them off a nearby cliff. The first bolt split its rock
so we tried a bigger one (estimated at 40 kilograms). A ring hanger was used
as it could be loaded outwards, and about 2 metres of 10mm Edelrid attached
that to a sling hooked over a suitable projection.
<p>A fall factor one test went off fine so we tried a couple of Fall Factor
2s and still failed to even damage anything. We then tried throwing the rock
downwards to get a fall factor higher than two but on the second attempt at
this the sling bounced off and the rock bounced down the mountain. It was
retrieved but snapped in half across the bolthole as it was being dragged
back uphill. The set spit could thus be examined and it could be seen that it
really didn't expand very much at all inside the rock.
<p>Next we searched for a really big rock which was sufficiently close to the
edge that we could slide it off. The one chosen was estimated to weigh 150
kilograms. This did the trick and snapped the tape with what was probably
slightly less than a fall factor one fall. The rock shattered in the fall so
we were able to retrieve the remaining 30 kilogram bit with the hanger in it
to put on display as testimony to the strength of Hilti spits. The rope
sheath had melted just above the Figure of Eight through the ring hanger, and
it was probably this which had caused the burning smell we had noticed as the
rock fell. We assume that the rope must have been slightly nicked or damaged
at this point as one would expect it to melt or snap at the knot in this sort
of test.
<p>This testing convinced us that the new spit and drill combination was fine
as long as the driver shoulder goes to within at least 2.5mm of the spit.
However, it shed little light on the reason for the bolt failure. We can only
assume that it was not set well enough, and users should make an effort to
belt them as hard as possible to ensure reasonable setting. This attitude can
be taken too far, as was demonstrated by Del and Dave on the very last day's
pushing when they sheared one of the drivers off whilst attempting to ensure
that the spit was properly set.
<p><center><a href="hilti1-300.png"><img alt="before setting - 1k png"
width=530 height=90 hspace=10 vspace=10 src="hilti1-100.png"></a><br>
<b>Hilti HDK spits before and after setting.</b><br>
<a href="hilti2-300.png"><img alt="after setting - 1k png"
width=220 height=94 hspace=10 vspace=10 src="hilti2-100.png"></a></center>
<p>Geraldine was next used down at the bottom of Endless to rig the Hasta La
Vesta/Captive Wedge/Half Shaft series over a couple of trips. This allowed a
couple of silly rebelays to be rigged which would have been practically
impossible to do by hand. It also demonstrated just how fast rigging can be
done with the aid of a drill.
<p>Overall the drill was used much less than it could have been due to lack
of confidence, lack of experience, and poor battery logistics. Despite the
fact that we had two batteries no-one could be bothered carrying Animal's big
one underground as it promised no more power than the standard battery.
Inefficiency also resulted from the battery's habit of discharging itself if
left waiting in the cave. Hopefully these problems can be resolved next year
to make better use of Geraldine. A new battery will be constructed and some
more thorough tests done to discover how we can get the best out of it. A new
baggy will also be made as the original is damaged, and needs a bit of
redesign anyway. Also, anyone who expects to use the drill next year should
have a practice above ground first. And finally, discussion with Hilti will
hopefully produce some solution to the problem of insufficient expansion in
limestone.
<hr>
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Photo of the <a href="../../handbook/l/bosch.htm">drill in use</a><br>
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Cambridge Underground 1991,
<a href="../../../jnl/1991/index.htm">Table of Contents</a><br>
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1990 Expedition info:<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="index.htm">Index</a> (more detail than in this list)<br>
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<a href="log.htm">Logbook</a><br>
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<a href="report.htm">Expo Report</a> (Diary)<br>
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<a href="cavegd.htm">161 Description</a> to date (ie. 1990)<br>
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<a href="162163.htm">Entrances 162 and 163</a><br>
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<a href="newent.htm">New Entrances</a><br>
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Surveying Report:<br>
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<a href="svy1.htm"> 1: Calibration</a><br>
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<title>1990 Expo: index</title>
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<h2 align=center>1990 Expo documentation index</h2>
<p>The 1990 expo carried out explorations in Kaninchenh&ouml;hle and
discovered a large number of minor caves, as well as one (Puffball and Icing
Sugar Cave) destined to go significantly in 1991. This page provides quick
links to the documentation of these finds, as well as to all the reports and
logbook:
<p>
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/0.gif">
All the Kaninchenh&ouml;hle trips written up in the logbook are
<a href="161.htm">indexed</a> in the history page.<br>
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Passage descriptions for 1990's major finds:<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="../../smkridge/162.htm">Entrance 1623/162</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="../../smkridge/163.htm">Entrance 1623/163</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="../../smkridge/185.htm">Two Year Gestation H&ouml;hle</a> (1623/185)<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="../../smkridge/161/deepwy.htm#fbs">Flat Battery Series</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="../../smkridge/161/deepwy.htm#fj2">Flapjack 2</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="../../smkridge/161/sibria.htm#cfn">Chicken Flied Nice</a> to
<a href="../../smkridge/161/deepwy.htm#endless">Endless</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="../../smkridge/161/dream.htm#dreamtime">Dreamtime</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="../../smkridge/161/offlhr.htm#powersta">Powerstation</a><br>
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1990 Expedition info:<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="log.htm">Logbook</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="report.htm">Expo Report</a> (Wookey's overview - Cambridge Underground)<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="cavegd.htm">161 Description</a> to date (ie. 1990)<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="162163.htm">Entrances 162 and 163</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="newent.htm">New Entrances</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
Surveying Report:<br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
<a href="svy1.htm"> 1: Calibration</a><br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
<a href="svy2.htm"> 2: Survey Production</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
Bosch Cordless Rotary Hammer <a href="drill.htm">Drill Report</a><br>
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<a href="sponsr.htm">This year's</a> sponsors<br>
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<center><font size=-1>CTS 91.1327/d: Cambridge Underground 1991 pp 20-23</font>
<h2>Caves Discovered - Austria '90</h2></center>
<p align=right>Wookey
<p>As well as all that slogging up and down 161, a fair amount of prospecting
took place, yielding lots of new holes, as we have come to expect over the
years.
<p>Here, mostly for future reference, is a list of the holes found, their
provisional numbers, their assigned numbers, their names (if they were deemed
large enough), who numbered them, and who else knows where they are.
<p>This year it took some time for our request for official numbers to filter
through the Austrian hierarchy so for most of the expo we had to assign
provisional numbers of the form 90/1, 90/2 etc. These are used throughout the
logbook and survey book and so must be related back to the 'real' numbers
below, which have not yet been painted on but should be. Those who know where
these holes are should make an effort to scribble on them sometime next year
and preferably survey to the more significant ones. If you do not, your
knowledge will disappear with you.
<pre>
Marking CUCC Kataster Numberer Location also known by
/Name number number
90/1 90/1 171 Paul S Mark D, Tina W
90/2 90/2 172 Paul S Mark D, Tina W
90/3 90/3 173 Paul S Mark D, Tina W
90/4 90/4 174 Paul S Mark D, Tina W
90/5 90/5 175 Paul S Juliette K, Mark F, Claire P, Adam C
90/6 90/6 176 Paul S Mark D, Tina W
90/7 177 Paul S Del R, Juliette K, Mark D
Tantalus Schachte
90/8 178 Paul S Del R, Juliette K
90/9 90/9 179 Adam C Jeremy R
90/10 90/10 180 Joe L Francis T, Adam C
90/11 90/11 181 Adam C Joe L
90/12 90/12 182 Adam C Joe L
Puffball &amp; icing sugar cave
90/13 90/13 183 Joe L
90/14 90/14 184 Joe L Adam C
Shiruken
183 185 Jeremy R Matt K, Pete S
Two Year Gestation H&ouml;hle
186 Mark D, William S
Rosenkavalierh&ouml;hle
90 187 Matt K Francis T
188 Julian T Jeremy R, Keith M, Tony R
Skinrip Passages I-IV
</pre>
<p>Notes:<br>
1) Two Year Gestation H&ouml;hle (185) is currently marked 183 but will be
changed next year.<br>
2) Rosenkavalierh&ouml;hle is not marked at all (bloody slackers).
<p>Details of these caves have been compiled from the summary at the end of
the survey book (171 to 178), and various write-ups in the logbook.
<hr>
<h4>159? - Winded Hole</h4>
<p>Hinter Schwarzmoos K&ouml;gel (HSK): 116&deg;, Nipple: 174&deg;,
Br&auml;uning Nase: 199&deg;, Br&auml;uning Zinken: 216&deg;
<p>One cave was re-discovered near the crapping region. This was named Winded
Hole as Paul S. fell down by it and winded himself. This has already been
bolted but no number could be found. It is probably 159, which was pushed to
a conclusion at about -50m by Jared, Chris Densham and Becka Lawson in '88.
<h4>171 (90/1)</h4>
<p>B. Nase: 186&deg;, Vord Schwarzmoos K&ouml;gel (VSK): 126&deg;, (HSK):
056&deg;<br>
Alt: 620 to 630m<br>
150m N of Top Camp
<p>Limestone horizontal at this point, cave is c. 20 to 50m E of prominent
fault which cuts through Brauning Nase. Subhorizontal phreatic tube trending
154&deg;. Multiple entrances and windows with total passage length in excess
of 150m. Passage generally elliptical: 5m wide by 3m high.
<p>Along the the fault to the North are numerous choked shafts with a max
depth of 5m.
<h4>172 (90/2)</h4>
<p>HSK: 063&deg;, Sch&ouml;nberg summit cross: 343&deg;
<p>Further north along fault on cliff facing N, and 10m to east of fault.
Horizontal, walk-in, phreatic tube dipping to S and trending 190&deg;. 40m
long, 4m wide, 1.5 to 2m high. Choked at end.
<h4>173 (90/3)</h4>
<p>B. Nase: 186&deg;, Nipple: 159&deg;, HSK:082&deg;, B. Zinken: 220&deg;
<p>Lies along fracture line with several shafts connected by narrow rift.
Most of these are snow-plugged - 173 also has a plug but this has shrunk and
a large gap is visible around the edges. Fracture trends 024&deg; Shaft is c.
20m deep and 7m diameter.
<h4>174 (90/4)</h4>
<p>HSK: 087&deg;, Nipple: 160&deg;, B. Nase: 189&deg;, B. Zinken: 218&deg;
<p>Situated on fracture bearing 044&deg; which forms prominent banded cliff
visible to N of camp on second low ridge. c. 30m shaft, climbable for first
10m to rock bridge. Snow at bottom but cobble floor also visible.
(Subsequently descended by Adam?)
<h4>175 (90/5)</h4>
<p>Nipple: 167&deg;, B. Nase: 193&deg;, B. Zinken: 220&deg;, HSK: 100&deg;
<p>c. 20m shaft further round cliff to NE of 174 on NW side of shallow valley
bounded on one side by the HSK. Snow at bottom but quite possibly open.
<h4>176 (90/6)</h4>
<p>HSK: 104&deg;, Nipple: 169&deg;, B. Nase: 193&deg;, B. Zinken: 214&deg;,
Camp: 192&deg;
<p>Situated on a large bedding plane above 175. c. 30m shaft with
snow-covered ledge at 15m. Rocks thrown down land on cobble floor.
<h4>177 - Tantalus Schachte (90/7) (NOT NUMBERED)</h4>
<p>B. Nase: 215&deg;, B. Zinken: 234&deg;, Sch&ouml;nberg summit Cross:
332&deg;
<p>Situated at break of slope between side of HSK and the plateau (plan in
survey book). Thus named because when Paul S and Mark D discovered it they
were dying of thirst, having made the mistake of letting Tina take the water
(and the paint) away with her. At the bottom of this shaft was a beautiful
flowing stream, utterly unattainable without gear. If this is not sufficient
explanation, go and swot up on your Greek mythology.
<p>35m shaft from bunde belay with pool, water seep and ice at bottom. Access
to promising-looking passage which unfortunately quickly chokes (see plan in
survey book).
<h4>178 (90/8) (NOT NUMBERED)</h4>
<p>Sch&ouml;nberg Cross: 330&deg;, B. Zinken: 239&deg;, B. Nase: 229&deg;,
Nipple: 210&deg;
<p>Window into very large passage about 10 x 20 m, fluted snow plug, second
drops onto end of plug. To NE passage leads to another large chamber with
another shaft coming in at far end (see plan in survey book P101).
<h4>179 (90/9)</h4>
<p>Bearing B. Scharte (I think - see survey book P77): 218&deg;
<p>A 7m pitch leading to c. 5m of low cave.
<h4>180 (90/10)</h4>
<p>Located on terrace N of 161b and 161c (French entrance), before a big bowl
of choss and rifts (map in survey book P81).
<p>There is an ice shaft under collapsed boulders. A bedding in the side of
this gives access to two adjacent loose pitches. Various impenetrable vocal
connections to the surface exist. 30m pitch with ledge and rebelay at -15m
leads to 'Icicle works' - very nice ice stals and flows. Follow flow down
hole 'Slush crawl' then rift.
<h4>181 (90/11)</h4>
<p>Bearings: HSK: 074&deg;, B. Nase: 165&deg;, B. Scharte: 194&deg;, B.
Zinken: 216&deg; (see survey book P77)
<p>12m shaft with snow at bottom and rocky ledge at -5m. Aligned on 120&deg;.
Short way off at bottom is soon too tight.
<p>182, 183 and 184 are all in same area (map in survey book P80).
<h4>182 (90/12) - Puffball and Icing Sugar Cave</h4>
<p>B.Scharte: 180&deg;, B. Zinken: 210&deg;, HSK: 070&deg;, VSK: 210&deg;
(see survey book pp79 to 80)<br>
Camp is on 144&deg; and clino +1.5&deg; but it cannot actually be seen from
the entrance.
<p>182 consists of a low 45&deg; boulder slope leading to a higher 45&deg;
boulder slope. This leads to vadose canyon for about 200+ metres then a 20'
ladder pitch to a joint controlled rift about 15m long. At the end is an
undescended pitch about 20m deep. The canyon is approx on 200&deg;. The cave
is long enough to need a real survey.
<h4>183 (90/13)</h4>
<p>To reach 183 from 182: go N up the pavement. Just over the crest turn left
along a sporadically vegetated ledge below a 2m wall (which is S of the
ledge). After 100m a large fault is met which contains 183.
<p>183 is a small man-sized hole behind a flake in the obvious fault. Descend
a boulder pile for 5m then undescended pitch (5m + 5m rattle). Drafts
strongly.
<h4>184 (90/14) - Shiruken</h4>
<p>To get to 184 from 183: go S up the fault until an area of exposed
limestone is met on the left (about 20m). Go left (E) along this exposure up
to where the bunde starts and locate a surface stream canyon. This becomes
184 when it goes underground (and it's marked).
<p>It is a sharp narrow canyon and it's a BASTARD. Hence is called Shiruken
(the sharp spikey things Ninjas throw).
<h4>185 - Two Year Gestation H&ouml;hle (MARKED 183)</h4>
<p>This is the narrow slot in the pavement on the E side of the col, on the
usual ('89 to '90) route from top camp to 161. 185 was first bolted in '88
and descended in 1990 by Jeremy and Matt.
<p>The first pitch 'Fancy a coffee' descends past a small snow plug down to a
large(ish) chamber covered with snow which appeared to be about 7m deep. A
small section to the left lets in a shaft of light, which changes from a wide
beam to a narrow one. A low crawl on the left (ice covered) leads to the
second pitch ('Your place or mine') - a short 3m (approx) drop to a ledge
then a longer (10 to 13m) drop down to the floor. The second pitch is
slightly wet, with small amounts of water dripping from the roof. A loose
climb leads to a tight crawl and even tighter pitch (Marble Sink revisited
according to Jeremy), which is now named 'Get yer kit off' this descends into
a small chamber, where the limestone changes in colour from yellow to blue, a
rift then drops into a boulder covered chamber, with a larger boulder choked
to the right and a very, very small hole leading to the left for a few
metres. The 4th and probably final pitch has been named 'Came to soon'.
<h4>186 - Rosenkavalierh&ouml;hle (NOT MARKED)</h4>
<p>Bearings Nase: 285&deg;, Gr. Schiebling K&ouml;gel: 350&deg;<br>
Near col just before camp one (iron cross), 50m above path on opposite
hillside. Where path by the Nase meets fault running up the mountain.
<p>The name is supposed to be in honour of Mark D's red Cavalier, but I think
it may mean something more like 'Pink Knight Cave'. Cairn built by entrances.
<p>There are three entrances investigated in the area.
<p>Highest is a really tight flat-out crawl leading to a tightish but
passable rift. Draughting.
<p>Abandoned in favour of a newly collapsed small hole 10m below, at the foot
of a small (5m) cliff. This had a very big rock blocking the entrance and
rewarded the huge effort required to shift it with nearly 5m of passage to a
choke and a choked shaft.
<p>10m further down still is the third entrance. A 6m climb down to a large
ramp and a rebelay is the start of a 30m pitch. One way at the bottom is an
8m boulder slope climb up to a choke and small aven. The other way is a 2m
climb into moonmilk crawl and some tight thrutching and chokes. All
thoroughly investigated and not going anywhere.
<h4>187 (CUCC 90)</h4>
<p>Cairn by entrance. B. Nase: 246&deg;, Central Peak of Dachstein!: 215&deg;
Up ridge to HSK from 161 entrance.
<p>Nearly vertical bedding plane allows a 5m climb from where 5m+ of pitch
can be seen, and stones thrown down it indicate more.
<h4>188 - Skinrip Passages I - IV (NOT MARKED)</h4>
<p>There is one unmarked cave, called Skinrip Passages I-IV, discovered by
Julian, Tony, Keith and quote 'the total bastard pants gravel hypodermic
foreskin up-your thunk' Jeremy. Assuming that it is more than 10m long then
it qualifies and one of the above should go and scribble on it. This is
described as a fun system of about six openings all in a line near the camp,
all connected by cave, the last of which is a very tricky climb to get out of
and is in the middle of bunde. It contains some snow and ice blockages,
making it unpleasant without gear.
<hr>
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1990 Expedition info:<br>
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<center><font size=-1>CTS 91.1327/a: Cambridge Underground 1991 pp 5-10</font>
<h2>CUCC Austria 1990 Expedition Report</h2></center>
<p align=right>Wookey
<p>Now, the complete expo report that follows this article will be at least
9,000 words long and largely pretty dull as it is written for consumption by
sensible people who hand out money; your average caver doesn't qualify for
this description as they tend to be silly people with no money, so this is a
version aimed at you lot.
<p>This year must go down in the annals as the year Hi-Tech came to the Expo.
With several grand's worth of radios, a survey computer, and a Bosch drill,
CUCC were well on the way to the 21st century. Good job our carry-in is easy
enough to accommodate such kit, and a pity that we can't manage the same
levels of equipment for our transport. Anyway, read on to see how it all
went.
<h3>Arrival in Austria</h3>
<p>So, come the 25th June the first wave (Wookey, Del, Tina, Juliette and
Dave F) set off 3 weeks early to do some mountaineering before the expo and
to avoid all that last minute organization. A week after that came the
Landrover and three more bodies (Jeremy, Adam and Paul T). After 2 weeks
walking we jacked it in and headed for Hilde's familiar campsite, scene of
many a debauched night over the years. This was a week before the official
start of the expo but that didn't fool the weather and it tipped it down in a
huge rainstorm as we travelled, so much so that the Wookmobile ignition
resigned until an hour's rest and much WD40 got it going again. This was to
be the first of many breakdowns amongst the even-more-rubbish-than-usual set
of 'cars' that appeared this year.
<p>We arrived to find that Claire and Olly had got there that morning to be
told by Hilde that we weren't coming for another week! This meant that a week
before the start there were nine bodies ensconced in Hilde's with our free
introductory Schnapps, and then another car load of three (Dave H, Julian,
and Matt) turned up at midnight making 12 in all. (Any apparent arithmetic
errors in the above are caused by Tina arriving twice!)
<p>That night the newly-put-up beer tent blew over, destroying much of its
frame so we spent the next morning trying to get it fixed, being eventually
saved by Hilde's husband who brazed it back together.
<p>We also installed the Vesta. Now we had a bit of a problem with Vesta.
They had asked us how much we wanted - we thought of how much we could
reasonably ask for - ie. about 100 meals, and then doubled it and went for
200. How many arrived at Cambridge before we left? 720 two-person meals, ie.
at least 1000 caver-meals, which was enough for everyone to eat Vesta twice a
day for almost the entire Expo. We managed to get rid of some by swapping it
with York for batteries and by giving it away to club members but there was
still an entire trailer-full come Expo time and with only three flavours -
Chicken Curry, Paella, and Chicken Fried Rice - everyone was looking forward
to some really exciting food!
<p>Despite the presence of 29 question marks on the 1989
<span lang="de">Kaninchenh&ouml;hle</span> survey there was some doubt about
how much more there was to find and lots of slackers who wanted to go
prospecting around the plateau anyway. One of the best leads was a big hole 5
metres up the wall at the end of Yapate Inlet, down the Right Hand Route. The
deepest question mark was fairly close by, so it was decided to go for these
first and then go for the stuff down the Left Hand Route where there were
more leads. (After last year's problems with not having enough rope we had
fallen upon this plan of only doing one or two things at a time to avoid the
same problem - some hope!).
<h3>Caving at last</h3>
<p>So after a couple of days of shopping and setting up base and top camps
(Hilde's and behind the <span lang="de-at">Br&auml;uning Nase</span>
respectively) we were under way. Jeremy went down a hole that he had first
bolted the entrance of two years ago, and it eventually went to minus 80
metres via some very tight pitches ('Fancy a coffee' and 'Get yer kit off').
Meanwhile the riggers-in started work on the Right Hand Route whilst Wookey
and Juliette took some climbing gear and headed for Adrian Pitch, which had
an inviting hole across its head. This was accessible by a dodgy traverse,
which had been looked at and left ('needs some gear') in '88. This done, the
Wookey headed off up some crawls and was surprised to find daylight again -
it popped out and yelled 'Where the fuck am I' which produced an Adam who was
prospecting in the area. Not bad for the first day - finding a new entrance.
<p><img alt="Expo Hazards: 5k gif" width=280 height=325 align=right
hspace=10 vspace=10 src="nearer.gif">
The next day, back underground, the traverse continued up-dip in what was
obviously a big rift, eventually reaching a beautiful 50 metre pitch ('French
Connection II'). At the bottom of this was a passage containing a piece of
topofil cotton and some boot prints - hmmm, looks like someone has been here
first. However, we couldn't find any of their bolts so we continued
exploring. Back on the surface Adam found a corresponding marked entrance
only 10 metres away from the new 161b, with circumstantial evidence
suggesting that it was French. This has still to be confirmed.
<p>Meanwhile Jeremy and Adam headed for the Yapate climb, armed with
Geraldine, our lovely new Bosch drill. Unfortunately they didn't get very far
as the battery went flat after less than a bolt hole (it had been used for a
spot of re-rigging on the way down). Nevertheless, whilst wandering about in
frustration they found an impressive pitch series reached by an 'obviously
blocked' crawl. This was duly named 'Flat Battery'.
<p>Next Julian took Dave H to look at his question mark part way down
Flapjack. Their first attempt had been thwarted by Team Flat Battery who were
failing to rig the last pitch as their rope was a good 3 metres too short.
This time it went better, and despite Dave's comment "When I saw Julian's way
on I thought he was joking", the tiny rift did go, although after getting
lost on the way out the next visitors took a ball of string!
<p>Wookey and Dave were the next to have a go at the Yapate climb, this time
using conventional climbing gear. The climb itself was only hard, but the mud
covered traverse at the top was 'absolutely horrific...' [serious bullshit
edited out here]. Much faffing was caused by the snaplinks on both Dave's
dangly bag and the tackle sack coming undone and leaving our intrepid cavers
at the top with no bolting kit or SRT rope. This problemette was dealt with
by the use of a bit of IRT ('Indestructible Rope Technique') with the
climbing rope. Fortunately all this effort was rewarded and they found 150
metres of big phreas, followed by a 23 metre drop and 180 metres of steeply
descending rift leading to a nasty-looking pitch. Along with the 100 metres
of 'Vestabule' checked out on the way down, that made us about 400 metres of
passage up on the day.
<h3>Cars and computers</h3>
<p>At this point the rest of the Expo turned up, Mark D winning the worst car
award by using 9 litres of oil on the drive out (the car later died
completely near <span lang="de-at">Salzburg,</span> refusing even to be towed
back to camp (we bent Tony's car trying), so Mark got the AA to pay for a
brand new hire car to fill with caving gear and yob home in). He did succeed
in getting the hang-glider out so that put paid to any more caving by Julian
or Mark S who kept lemminging off the 10 metre ramp bolted to the side of the
mountain to land on the Village Green some 900 metres below. Mark managed a
descent time of 4 minutes on one rather choppy flight i.e. nearly 4 metres
per second vertically, never mind his horizontal speed!
<p>Other people avoided caving by going windsurfing, sunbathing by the lake,
walking, climbing and touristing (oh yeah, and drinking bier of course) - any
excuse really.
<p>Along with another 13 people came the rest of the gear: a computer for
doing the surveying on (bit of an improvement on the programmable calculators
of the last few years); and the Philips radios, which proved to be
absolutely ace gear. We didn't even need to cart the second base station up
the hill as the mobiles reached down to base camp anyway. It was eventually
shifted up and installed at the cave entrance giving excellent all-round
communications. Now we didn't have to walk back down the mountain to go
shopping when we ran out of Vesta and bog roll, we just phoned up base camp
and told them to bring some up.
<p>The only problem was irate Austrians trying to use the same frequency
(they weren't supposed to be there either!), and trying to communicate with
the total pissheads down at base camp. For example, Adam and Jeremy stupidly
dashed all the way up and down the <span lang="de">Dachstein</span> in a day
(20 miles and 8000 feet of ascent), and then got lost on the way down in the
dark. Fortunately they had a Talkie Walkie with them so they phoned up for
some transport, but all they got was an unbelievably pissed Julian (as the
weather had been too bad for flying) who claimed that it would be 'completely
impossible to walk the 50m to the beer tent to get someone else to talk to
them as he would fall over'.
<p>The computer caused a bit of a problem as well (don't they always?) as
Wookey had brought the data and software on 5 inch discs but the Archimedes
only had 3 inch ones. Wadders, unable to contact Wookey as he had buggered
off early to Austria just to make things difficult, had intelligently brought
an extra 5 inch drive with him, but it wouldn't read the discs. The combined
efforts of about eight supposedly intelligent people, several of whom had
newly-acquired degrees in Computer Science, got us nowhere. Eventually Wookey
was forced to drive 40 miles to something approximating a town, and wander
around looking for a Dixons, or anybody else that might have a computer, and
attempt to explain to them that we were English cavers and could we just
borrow their PC for a mo? Surprisingly, this eventually proved successful and
provided Olly with another excuse not to go caving at all (the first excuse
had been Claire but she had gone home after 2 weeks). He proved much more
useful above ground than below by inputting all the data and writing an
impressive 3D cave rotation/examination program as well.
<h3>Caving again</h3>
<p>On the next trip underground, comprising some ouigees touristing around
the entrance series, Mark S was somewhat surprised when one of our new Hilti
bolts fell out, depositing him on his arse on the ledge he'd just tried to
abseil from. This made people somewhat suspicious of our new drill and bolt
combination, so it didn't get used for some time until Dave F and Wookey
fished it out from the depths of the cave to do some surface testing. This
involved bolting up a few boulders so that we could tie them to the mountain
and chuck 'em off. Some Fall Factor 2s with a 40 kilogram boulder failed to
break anything and a Fall Factor 1 with a 150 kilogram boulder (the biggest
we could slide off the edge!) broke the tape and partially melted the rope
but didn't do the bolt any harm. The ring hanger survived in very good nick
as well - looks like good gear.
<p>A couple of Swedes passed through, on their way to another Expo, dropping
off Hugh, the newest member of the CUCC Scandinavian Department. One of them
got the highest Time Underground per Day ratio of anybody. Dangerously keen
some of these foreigners.
<p>By now the Vesta mutiny was developing - led by Paul Smith and the
Veggies. Ironic, really, as they didn't have to eat the bloody stuff anyway.
Unfortunately, Paul was far too good a cook and everyone was eating veggie in
preference to more Vesta, especially at base camp where shopping for nice
food had become rife - what do think this is - a holiday? You lot can't
afford to eat nice food, now shut up and eat some more Shit Curry.
<p>We now had three deep routes, as the first three things we had looked at
were all going strong, and indeed this started to cause a fairly serious rope
problem as our entire 1.4 kilometres was used up. Fortunately, just as things
were about to start getting nasty as people argued for their favourite route,
the Flapjack II series ended at an inaccessible rift with water at the bottom
- apparently at exactly the same height as last year's sump, which was only
about 30 metres away. This made it pretty certain that that was the water
table here and we weren't going to get any deeper without going sideways a
fair way. This series contained an absolutely stunning 100 metre pitch
'Splatdown' - due to the mega rock that had been bunged down it and had sunk
in the gloop at the bottom. This had been rigged on our new 9 millimetre rope
- Ernie the Earthworm - and there had been much gibbering and whimpering all
round!
<p>Meanwhile 300 metres of coax cable was laid from the entrance so we could
play with our radios underground as well, and people kept finding bits of
cave more or less wherever they looked. The Adrian's 'French Connection II'
pitch had a couple of others below it, culminating in a nasty, grey, dead-end
bit, appropriately named 'Belgium'. More cave was found about 40 metres from
the entrance and in several side passages, climbs and holes down the Right
Hand Route.
<p>The next development was that after much fruitless searching last year, we
finally found a bypass to the Squeeze which had claimed two victims (a femur
and a pelvis) in '89. The Bypass was called 'Dreamtime' and was one of the
strongest leads left last year, coming out about halfway along the Right Hand
Route. This allowed our rather large geologist to finally get into the cave
proper, (he hadn't fitted through the squeeze)and tell us what all this
bloody space was doing here anyway. The squeeze failed to claim any more
victims as we had installed a 'dickhead catcher' - a sort of donkey's dick
for cavers - which would catch anyone who attempted to repeat the previous
disasters.
<p><center><img
alt="Sheep, drugs and rock'n'roll - only substitutes for caving (6k gif)"
width=425 height=256 hspace=10 vspace=10 src="sheep.gif"></center>
<p>There was, of course an Expo dinner with much debauchery all round - well
not that much debauchery this year, but Jeremy did challenge the Club that he
could eat ten of Hilde's incredible 'Death-by-Chocolates'. He did manage
seven before throwing up, but missed Mark's tent. This was a great pity as he
had successfully thrown up in Mark D's tent in '88, Mark F's tent in '89, and
had tempted fate by sharing his abode with Mark S in '90.
<p>More fun and beer were had when the club was invited to appear in the
village carnival by the local cavers who had an amazing artificial mountain,
complete with abseil, cave, bar and accordionist on their float. We only had
our trusty Rover, on its sixth (and probably final) expo, and with lots of
free beer around, everyone got extremely drunk - well, what else is there to
do?.
<p>Photos were taken of the mega 'Splatdown' pitch, and of Yapate and the
massive Knossus chamber. Unfortunately photos were not taken of 'Flat
Battery' as Mark D the photographer had had far too much beer at the
above-mentioned carnival (to prove how 'ard he was). Much to our surprise he
made it up to the cave the next morning, looking like death and having the
shakes so bad that he made a big hole in his hand whilst trying to break up
our cheapo Polish carbide into bits small enough to go in a generator. He
even made it underground, but resigned after about an hour as it was just too
awful, and headed out. He did discover a third entrance on the way out by
forcing a bedding plane connecting the 161b entrance to the nearby French
entrance. "It was so tight I had to dig myself out at one point" said Mark
'God-I'm-so-hard' D. Later Paul-the-large-geologist got through so someone is
bullshitting somewhere!
<p>Meanwhile the rest of Team Photo had a lovely trip to the bottom of Flat
Battery (minus 400 metres) and checked out the remaining leads. The pitch
series had finished at 100 metres or so of largely sand-filled phreas with
lots of tiny tubes going off. None of these went anywhere although
Wookey-the-stupid pushed one for about 150 metres of thrutching and even did
a classic Mendip duck (at 1&deg;C)and after giving up at a dodgy climb froze
his balls off for the rest of the 16 hour trip. There's technically still a
question mark there, but anyone who wants it is welcome to it, OK? After
deciding that this had finished too we de-rigged it, so that was that.
<p>Meanwhile lots of people had been wandering about on the surface looking
for holes as it was sunny up there (the weather was being consistently
brilliant) and 15 new holes were found and marked, at least one of which is
still going after 200 metres or so. Even Wookey and Dave F took a couple of
days off to survey two caves left over from '88 (162 and 163), before
everyone forgot where they were, as has happened to so many other over the
years - ahem.
<h3>Ending it all</h3>
<p>Finally, as everything started bottoming out, people remembered the
original plan and got round to looking at some stuff down the Left Hand
Route. The first hole they tried went straight into more big pitches (bloody
cave's full of holes!), called 'Powerstation', comprising 'Dungeoness',
'Sizewell B', 'Dinorwig', and 'Foulness Ledge'. Two more trips pushed this
down for 120 metres until it stopped at a couple of tiny rifts. Why do they
all do that? - I mean where does all the water go?
<p>This year's collection of cars was even more motley than usual; at one
stage, five of the six remaining vehicles were knackered. Wadders' pistons
had popped out of one of his rear brake cylinders whilst hacking down the
toll road, causing the occupant's lives to flash before their eyes, but
fortunately he had a spare circuit so they survived. His clutch lever had
also snapped whilst driving to the cave so he had neatly turned round and
driven all the way back to the campsite in second, ignoring all the junctions
as he couldn't afford to stop. This was left for us to fix as Wadders dashed
back to the UK to do a week's work in the middle of the Expo, taking Jeremy's
car (the nice one) with him. The Wookmobile's brakes slowly decayed until at
least four pumps were required to get any slowing down done. After taking 3
days to buy a new cylinder, and knackering it on insertion as it had the
wrong threads, National Breakdown took the car away to fix it. This meant
that those unfortunates who were supposed to drive it back got a lift in Mark
D's nice new hire car. The Landrover's dynamo died so we had to keep charging
up car batteries for it, and only using it in the daytime. Fortunately, with
all the shagged cars about there were plenty of batteries to spare! Del's
thermostat was knackered so a drive up the toll road took 45 minutes and
required at least one refill. That left Tony's nice 205 GTi - but that had
shagged rear suspension so you could only put two people in it without taking
big gouges out of the tyres.
<p>Back underground Jeremy went and gibbered at all the hanging death at the
head of the Endless pitch, and then Wookey and Dave F (who had become engaged
at the CUCC dinner for always going caving together) took Geraldine down and
did some fancy rigging down another 70 metres. One more (20 hour) trip
finished this off as the pitches stopped at a mud floor at minus 450 metres
with a hole at the end that "you might be able to get through Wookey, but no
one else is going to try" so that was surveyed and finished with, although a
tempting huge hole halfway up may be worth a go next year.
<p>More passage was found above the Yapate climb heading 60 metres straight
off the end of the survey, with three ways on at the end. This, along with
all the Left Hand Route holes that we never even got round to looking at, and
the rifts in Adrian's, holds most promise for '91.
<p>Finally, we ran out of time and people started buggering off home to avoid
the derigging. All able bodies were pressed into service to shift all the
string out of the hole and back down the mountain, along with all the other
Expo paraphernalia like Rebecca the stretcher (unused this year!), and lots
of tents, food, bolting kits and caving gear.
<p>We successfully turned Hilde's nice campsite into a bombsite with gear,
string and dead cars everywhere. Eventually it was all stuffed into the
available vehicles and everyone disappeared: Team Trinity off to hitch to
Turkey and back; Team Intrepid to do Swiss mountains, French Caves, Gorges,
and beaches; and the rest off home.
<p>So, another successful trip for CUCC, with 2.7 kliks of passage
discovered, mostly in pitch series below the 300 metres level, and plenty
more holes in the ground to go at in future. We may not be the most glamorous
expo on the planet, but it is one of the nicest, an excellent training ground
for future hards, and, well, someone's got to discover all that nasty
Austrian cave!
<p>This year's team: <span lang="sv">Jan Armendal,</span> Oliver Betts,
Adam Cooper, Mark Dougherty, Tim Farrar, David Fearon, Mark Fearon, Annie
Heppenstall, <span lang="sv">Lief Hornsved,</span> Dave Howes, Matthew
Keeling, Juliette Kelly, Joe Lenartowicz, Keith Millar, Claire Purnell, Mike
Richardson, Del Robinson, Jeremy Rodgers, Tony Rooke, Hugh Salter, Tanya
Savage, Mark Scott, Paul Smith, William Stead, Peter Swain, Paul Theobald,
Julian Todd, Francis Turner, Andy Waddington, Jared West, Tina White, Wookey.
<hr>
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Cambridge Underground 1991,
<a href="../../../jnl/1991/index.htm">Table of Contents</a><br>
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/0.gif">
1990 Expedition info:<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="index.htm">Index</a> (more detail than in this list)<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="log.htm">Logbook</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="cavegd.htm">161 Description</a> to date (ie. 1990)<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="162163.htm">Entrances 162 and 163</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="newent.htm">New Entrances</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
Surveying Report:<br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
<a href="svy1.htm"> 1: Calibration</a><br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
<a href="svy2.htm"> 2: Survey Production</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
Bosch Cordless Rotary Hammer <a href="drill.htm">Drill Report</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="sponsr.htm">Sponsors</a><br>
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<a href="../../pubs.htm#1990">Index</a> to all publications<br>
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<center><font size=-1>CTS 91.1327/h: Cambridge Underground 1991 p 35</font>
<h2>Sponsors</h2></center>
<p>CUCC would like to thank all our sponsors who helped make this expedition
feasible. Particular thanks are due to our major sponsors: Philips, Bosch and
Brooke Bond Foods.
<p>Below is a summary of the sponsors of CUCC Austria 90.
<dl>
<dt>Bosch<dd>Cordless Rotary Hammer Drill - see
<a href="drill.htm">Drill Report</a>
<dt>Brooke Bond Foods<dd>Vesta dehydrated meals (sixty boxes)
<dt>Batchelor Foods<dd>Super noodles, soups, Savoury Rice meals
<dt>Cheshire Wholefoods<dd>Muesli (two boxes)
<dt>Colemans<dd>Samples of flavouring sachets, mustard and lemon juice
<dt>Hilti<dd>10% discount on self-drilling anchors, drivers and drill bits
<dt>Masterfoods<dd>Uncle Bens dehydrated meals, Smash (two boxes each)
<dt>Ovaltine<dd>Ovaltine Light Drink sachets (eight boxes)
<dt>Philips<dd>VHF Radios, two base stations and six mobiles
<dt>Sally Line Ferries<dd>&pound;75 Ferry ticket voucher
<dt>Schwartz<dd>Spices, flavouring sachets
<dt>Silva<dd>25% discount on Silva products
<dt>St Ivel<dd><EFBFBD>20 St Ivel voucher
<dt>Tate &amp; Lyle<dd>Sugar and syrup (one box each)
<dt>Thomas Tunnocks<dd>Caramel Logs and Wafers (one box each)
<dt>Twinings<dd>Teabags
</dl>
<hr>
<!-- LINKS -->
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/0.gif">
1990 Expedition info:<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="index.htm">Index</a> (more detail than in this list)<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="log.htm">Logbook</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="report.htm">Expo Report</a> (Diary)<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="cavegd.htm">161 Description</a> to date (ie. 1990)<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="162163.htm">Entrances 162 and 163</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="newent.htm">New Entrances</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
Surveying Report:<br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
<a href="svy1.htm"> 1: Calibration</a><br>
<img alt="------&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/2.gif">
<a href="svy2.htm"> 2: Survey Production</a><br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
Bosch Cordless Rotary Hammer <a href="drill.htm">Drill Report</a><br>
<img alt="&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/0.gif">
<a href="../../sponsr.htm">Current year's</a> Sponsors<br>
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<center><font size=-1>CTS 91.1327/e: Cambridge Underground 1991 pp 24-27</font>
<h2>Surveying Report Part I - Calibration</h2>
<p><b>Wookey</b></center>
<p>The standard of CUCC surveying continues to improve as interest in the
subject increases. This year we introduced instrument calibration and on-site
survey computation and display, as well as continuing the process of
educating the masses to the best and worst ways to survey. The calibration
was in order to justify our claims of Grade 5 surveying, and the computer was
both to relieve the tedium of doing the number crunching with programmable
calculators and of plotting the results by hand.
<p>Calibration for each trip/person/instrument combination should give data
on instrument zero errors, eyesight parallax errors, and local magnetic
variation. In actuality it did give some interesting results but failed to
prove very much beyond the fact that no-one can take accurate compass
readings above about 15 degrees of tilt, and that one of the clinos is about
half a degree out. The system used was to build two cairns, one just by the
161(a) entrance and one about 20 metres away along the ridge, then paint the
tips of both to avoid confusion over exactly which points to use. These
cairns were (ideally) used by each instrument reader before each trip for a
compass reading from bottom to top and for clino readings both ways. A
compass reading from the bottom cairn to the <span lang="de-at">Br&auml;uning
Nase</span> was also taken in some cases. All readings were preferably read
several times to give an indication of repeatability, and to improve
accuracy. The position of the bottom cairn was determined by taking bearings
on surrounding hills.
<p>This calibration, whilst not being carried out on every trip, was done
sufficiently often to give some interesting results.
<table border=2>
<tr><th>Date</th><th>Insts</th><th>Where</th><th>Comp</th><th>Clino</th></tr>
<tr><td>12/7/90</td><td>Juliette/Wook</td><td>Adrians-161b</td></tr>
<tr><td>13/7/90</td><td>Jeremy</td><td>2 Year Gestation</td><td>2</td><td>4</td></tr>
<tr><td>14/7/90</td><td>Julian</td><td>Pit and Pendulum</td><td>4:15,13,14</td><td>4:+17,+17,-17,-17</td></tr>
<tr><td>14/7/90</td><td>Matt</td><td>Rabbit Warren</td><td>1</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>18/7/90</td><td>William</td><td>Flat Battery</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>18-19/7/90</td><td>Jeremy</td><td>Bullshit alley</td><td>3</td><td>3</td></tr>
<tr><td>18-19/7/90</td><td>Dave F</td><td>Vestabule, CFN</td><td>2:18&frac12;</td><td>2:+17.5, -17&frac12;</td></tr>
<tr><td>19/7/90</td><td>Animal</td><td>Dreamtime</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>19-20/7/90</td><td>Del</td><td>Too Much</td><td>3:20&frac12;</td><td>3:+16, -18</td></tr>
<tr><td>20-21/7/90</td><td>Pete/Dave F</td><td>Endless</td><td>3:14&frac12;,14,13&frac12;,14&frac12;</td><td>3:+17x4,-18,-18,-17&frac12;,-18</td></tr>
<tr><td>21/7/90</td><td>Francis</td><td>France, FC II</td><td>1:16&frac12;</td><td>1:+17, -17</td></tr>
<tr><td>21/7/90</td><td>Mark D</td><td>Flat Battery</td><td>3:20</td><td>3:+17,-17&frac12;</td></tr>
<tr><td>22/7/90</td><td>Dave H</td><td>Splatdown</td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>24/7/90</td><td>Pete?</td><td>Umleitung</td><td>1:12,12,13,13,12</td><td>1:+17,+17,+17, -17,-17,-17</td></tr>
<tr><td>26/7/90</td><td>Jeremy</td><td>FB Phreatic</td><td>3:16</td><td>3:+17,-18</td></tr>
<tr><td>28/7/90</td><td>Matt</td><td>Vd1-2YG-161b/c</td><td>2:</td><td>4:</td></tr>
<tr><td>28/7/90</td><td>Dave</td><td>163/Surface</td><td>3:16</td><td>3:+16&frac12;,-18.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>28/7/90</td><td>Olly</td><td>RWS and Belgium</td><td>2:19,18&frac12;,18<br>(18,17&frac12;,17&frac34;)</td><td>2:+17&frac12;,+17&frac12;,+17&frac12;,<br>-17&frac14;,-17&frac12;,-17&frac12;<br>(-18,-17&frac12;,-17,+17,+17,+17)</td></tr>
<tr><td>29/7/90</td><td>Dave F</td><td>162</td><td>2:16,16</td><td>3:16.3,-18</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>Dave F</td><td>Captive Wedge</td><td>1:16</td><td>1:+16&frac12;,-17</td></tr>
<tr><td>3/8/90</td><td>Tim</td><td>Bolt connections</td><td>1:16,13,14,14&frac12;</td><td>1:+17&frac12;,+17,-17</td></tr>
<tr><td>5/8/90</td><td>Dave F</td><td>Adrian bolts</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>Paul</td><td>161b-161c</td><td>4</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>6/8/90</td><td>Dave F</td><td>Sheared off KB</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>6/8/90</td><td>Tim</td><td>Powerstation</td><td>2:016&frac12;,014,014</td><td>3:+16&frac12;,+16,+16&frac12;,-17&frac12;,-18,-17&frac12;</td></tr>
</table>
<pre>
Compass numbers: 1 624931 Clino numbers: 1 736380
2 721899 2 240641
3 543693 3 726974
4 949847 4 716221
</pre>
<p>There were 22 Surveying trips in
<span lang="de">Kaninchenh&ouml;hle</span> this year, along with 3 others
down 162, 163 and Two Year Gestation <span lang="de">H&ouml;hle.</span>
<p>Right - what did all this lovely data show us? Plotting the readings for
each clino (see graphs overleaf) was quite instructive as they were all
pretty consistent and one of the clinos is obviously about 0.7&deg; off its
zero. The compass data is much less conclusive. These results are very
scattered, despite the fact that the results for one individual are usually
consistent. So much so that nothing can reasonably be decided about their
zero accuracy. I think the variation shows just how inaccurate readings taken
at inclinations above 15&deg; are. Note that even the only readings taken by
the same person with the same compass are different. Conversely the
relatively few readings taken on the <span lang="de-at">Br&auml;uning
Nase</span> were much more consistent (presumably because they were nearly
horizontal).
<p>In the light of the above, next year's compass calibration will be done
more horizontally to see if more meaningful results can be obtained.
<p><center><img alt="Calibration data summary (graphical) - 13k png"
width=614 height=966 src="calib.png"></center>
<p>The computer used this year was Wadders' Archimedes. This did a sound but
phenomenally slow job of pretending to be a PC in order to run Sean Kelly's
Surveyor '88 ('89 version). After much faffing with discs to get the software
working, the system proved very useful as the survey data was entered as soon
as it came down the hill (we didn't quite resort to radioing the data down!)
and so centre lines of new passage were immediately available for the
original surveyors to check for errors. Olly's program to improve the display
end of the process also helped as its real-time rotation provided much better
comprehension of the displayed passage than was possible otherwise.
<p>This almost instant and versatile graphical display of the survey data was
helpful in allowing visualization of the relative positions of different bits
of cave. A system which showed some sort of representation of the walls as
well would be even better and a prototype may be available for use on Austria
'92.
<p>Whilst on the subject of surveying, and having just drawn up the survey,
here is probably the best place to mention various criticisms of surveying
technique which have become apparent this year, mostly highlighted by the
overall improvement in standards.
<p>When surveying pitches all plans that have no means of identifying their
orientation are practically useless. Either a bearing or more than one survey
point is needed. Also, when surveying vertically, think of the whole process
as having tipped through 90 degrees along with the cave, so each little plan
becomes a 'cross section' and you should draw elevations of the whole thing,
instead of a horizontal plan. These elevations are obviously likely to have
lots of dotted lines, but if you don't draw something the survey drawer is
just going to have to guess which is not too hot.
<p>Along similar lines it is also extremely useful to draw an extended
elevation along the line of the survey/ passage. This effectively fills in
the third dimension and again saves the drawer guessing what is between each
cross-section. Hardly anyone in CUCC has done much of this so far, so it will
be a new thing for you all to forget to do in future.
<p>Fortunately for you lot I have lost my list of specific survey whinges
which named names and pointed fingers so ... Ah, no, here it is. Now, I don't
want anyone to take this too personally and feel pilloried or whatever. I
just think that the best way for people to improve is to get some
constructive criticism, and all you newies can see what everybody else did
badly and try to avoid making the same mistakes.
<p>So here goes:
<p>Starting with the couple of things mentioned above. Those guilty of
unaligned pitch plans are Olly and Tim (Powerstation), Jeremy and Dave F
(Captive Wedge et al.), Del and Dave H (Splatdown) and Wookey (Vestabule and
163). As already mentioned no-one did any extended elevations except bits by
Francis (Bullshit Alley), Wookey (Vestabule), Tina (Dreamtime), Hugh (French
Connection II) and Matt/ Pete <span lang="de">(Umleitung).</span>
<p>Now I know that LRUD (Left, Right, Up, Down) data is a slightly
contentious issue, but unless you are going to draw cross-sections at each
survey station, you should write down the LRUD information as it defines the
position of the station in the passage. One point which seems to be unclear
about LRUD is exactly what distances to give. You should aim to define the
distance of the station from the general outline of the passage, ignoring
small-scale twiddly bits. Where a reading is meaningless (eg. you are at a
junction and there is no sensibly defined left wall) then put a dash, where
you don't know (eg. the roof is too high to see) then put a question mark.
In cases where LRUD would be misleading (eg. where there is a significant
floor trench) then an annotated cross-section will be much clearer. Also
note that left and right are normally defined looking in the direction of the
survey.
<p>Those guilty of not including LRUD information this year are Pete, Matt
(and he didn't have any point descriptions either), Dave H, Hugh and Tina.
Also on the subject of sections Dave H and Francis should make sure they've
got scales/sizes on all of theirs and Juliette should try to keep hers to
scale (next year's squared paper should help).
<p>Other complaints are: Hugh and Juliette should write their information in
compass, clino, tape order instead of the more usual tape, compass, clino
that everybody else uses (whilst this is not actually wrong, unless there is
a good reason for it it should be avoided as it is just another source of
confusion and error); Wookey should put more distances on his plans and
elevations; Juliette should try to write ones and sevens so they can't be
confused; Hugh wins the prize for general inaccuracy; and Tina should put
more (some) passage detail in (pitches, bolts, ropes, climbs, sand etc).
<p>Right, that's all for this year.
<p>The other thing which has come to my notice (through Welsh surveying) is
that as well as compasses being affected by alkaline batteries, some Joe
Brown style helmets have something in their rim which can give a good 17
degrees of error - try yours.
<p>I will just end all this ranting by thanking all those who put in cold,
tedious hours underground in the interests of science(?), and suggest that
you think back to the surveying CUCC was doing just three years ago and how
much we have improved since then. No longer will we be in 'How to run a
caving Expo' as the least scientific expo known to man!
<hr>
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Surveying Report:<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="svy2.htm"> 2: Survey Production</a><br>
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<a href="report.htm">Expo Report</a> (Diary)<br>
<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
<a href="cavegd.htm">161 Description</a> to date (ie. 1990)<br>
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<img alt="---&gt;" src="../../../icons/lists/1.gif">
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<center><font size=-1>CTS 91.1327/f: Cambridge Underground 1991 pp 28-31</font>
<h2>Surveying Report Part II - Survey production</h2></center>
<p align=right>Wookey
<p>This is an attempt to summarize what I have learned about the art/science
of survey production, from getting people to do it in the first place,
through processing the data, to producing and distributing the finished
product.
<p>I have only performed this exercise twice so I don't claim to be a great
expert, but I think it is worth recording the current state of my art (?) to
give future CUCC surveyors something to work from. Having said that, I
suspect that much of what I will say will very rapidly become out of date due
to the extensive use of technology.
<p>First, never forget that surveying is ultimately pretty pointless, and
that most of your compatriots have very little interest in surveying for its
own sake. These people can usefully be bullied and cajoled into going out
there and getting you some data, but it is fair to say that an uninterested
surveyor is not likely to produce outstanding work. Bearing this in mind you
are likely to have to go and do lots of real surveying yourself. You will
then notice that it is very hard to do well, and that the only reasons you
understand your stuff any better than anybody else's are a) because you did
it yourself, and b) because you learned what information you need from having
to make half of it up the year before.
<p>It is almost impossible to appreciate exactly what is required to make
drawing up straightforward unless you have tried it yourself, so any
opportunity to make your surveyors do some should be utilised (I have largely
failed in this so far).
<p>Right, that's enough sermonising.
<p>Having got yourself some data what do you do with it? Encourage your
surveyors to follow helpful practices when writing it up in the survey book,
and then have a look over it. You may immediately find missing information -
calibration, compass numbers, names, dates, locations etc. This sort of thing
is often easy to discover so long as it is noticed quickly. Reference to the
original notes and/or surveyors should clear up most things.
<p>Next stick it in a computer. If you can do this during the expo it
obviously helps a great deal with spotting errors and with locating likely
connections. Collar your surveyor, stick a plan/elevation of their bit on the
screen and ask "does it look at all like that?" Answers like "No" and "That's
not my bit" should be dealt with by working out which bits are
backwards/total bollocks so that this can be allowed for or corrected if
feasible.
<p>Current CUCC computer policy is dominated by the fact that our preferred
surveying software only runs on a C/E/VGA PC, and the club doesn't own any of
these. This situation is likely to change as we should shortly have some new
software which should be persuadable to run on lots of things, and hopefully
someone can eventually be persuaded to give/lend us some suitable kit
(unfortunately the only offer I have managed to get so far is a Mac, which
isn't terribly useful). In the meantime we will be using whatever people are
prepared to take to Austria, or, if no-one does, it will be back to the club
programmable calculator!
<p>The software in question in Sean Kelly's Surveyor '88, written for the
Queen Mary College Belize Expedition (as it unhelpfully tells you every time
you run it). Make sure that you are using the improved '89 version which has
had a major bug fixed and will actually do its sums right. (In the correct
version SVY2POS has two copyright dates on the title screen - the second
being 12 Nov 89). SURVEYOR.DOC gives instructions on how to use the program,
which, although both basic and irritating in some respects, is essentially
very good and does the job. So far as I know there is nothing better
available, but Olly and I hope to address this as soon as possible.
<p>Processing the data involves lots of comparing of cave plots with survey
data and drawings to spot the obviously wrong bits. You can also use the
errors thrown up by loop closures, but this often isn't actually much help as
the closures tend be a little on the dodgy side anyway. This is primarily
caused by 'expedition conditions' but as we are likely to be claiming Grade 5
it is worth encouraging the best practices possible, and to aim for errors to
be under 2 to 3%. This is a rough guide, as the relationship between
permitted error (within a grade) and traverse length isn't linear and so the
percentage error could be more for long loops, and less for short ones. See
the diagrams in Bryan Ellis's book.
<p>Eventually you will have a plot you are happy with (although upon drawing
up you are likely to discover more errors); and you will be very bored with
plotting out 'absolutely the final survey', chopping up all the bits of
paper, and sticking them all together. Unfortunately Surveyor '88 can only
output onto an Epson compatible dot matrix printer (it might manage some
slightly dissimilar interfaces but laser printers don't seem to like it at
all, even when they claim to do Epson emulation. Until a method of getting
the plots out on bigger bits of paper (eg. in a pen plotter) is created you
are forced to a great deal of chopping up and sellotaping together of plots.
This is very time-consuming and is absolutely desperate without access to a
guillotine.
<p>You may now come across some problems caused by adding bits to a
pre-existing survey. Assuming that you haven't decided to change the view you
should just be able to draw the new bits independently and graft them on to
the old survey. Hopefully loop closures and discoveries of old errors will
not have distorted the old stuff so much that this is impossible (as it did
this year - aligning Adrian's put Yapate 15 to 20m out, for example).
<p>The plan was to try and have something ready for the BCRA conference so I
drew each new bit onto its own centreline (as this could be done in a tent
whilst still on holiday), then traced each bit, reduced them onto acetate,
and stuck the results onto an A4 acetate copy of the '89 survey. This sort of
worked, but produced a fairly unhealthy-looking result as photocopying more
than two layers of acetate produces lots of greyness. It is also a very
expensive procedure as to get from the original 1:500 to A4 required a
reduction to 22%. Normal copiers can only reduce to 64% (requiring four
iterations), and plan copiers can manage 47% (so only requiring two
iterations but they are much more expensive). To do all this for nine new
bits of cave in both plan and elevation takes forever, requires the services
of about six copy shops and is definitely not worth the effort or cost.
Unfortunately I only realised this whilst half way through this epic process
and decided that having already invested a fair amount of time, effort,
money, and petrol, I might as well finish and have something to show for it.
<p>When drawing the little bits it is helpful to just plot the bit you want
to draw, but don't forget that you must arrange things so that whilst it is
plotted on its own, it is still calculated as part of the total net otherwise
it may 'unspring' significantly giving you an incorrect centre-line to draw
on.
<p>Having discovered that the old and new surveys didn't match properly and
already having traced each independent bit I decided that the best way to do
the final drawing was to put the Permatrace sheet on top of the final plot
and then sandwich each transparent bit of cave between them. This allowed
alignment with the plot underneath (as both top layers were transparent). The
old master was treated in exactly the same way but each section between loop
junctions was aligned separately. This worked very well, the only
disadvantage being that by the time a bit of cave gets to the master it has
been copied twice (or four times if you count the original as the one done in
the cave).
<p>If you are doing a new survey then the whole thing can be drawn on the
final plot and then traced to make the master. The only disadvantage of this
is that you have to work with a great big bit of paper lying around for weeks
- OK if you have the space.
<p>Obviously other combinations of wholes, sections and tracing could be
employed - choose according to circumstance, remembering that tracing is
extremely quick and easy in comparison to drawing originals (except for all
the bloody rocks).
<p>I have rather glossed over the bit which is definitely mostly art -
drawing round a centreline so that the result looks something like the cave.
There are actually a number of (sometimes conflicting) considerations here.
Do you want it to be clear which way to travel or to have lots of realistic
detail? This really depends on who you think your audience is and your own
preference. I have aimed for authenticity at the expense of simplicity and
make no claim that it is at all easy to follow!
<p>A quick note on materials is probably in order here. Use a propelling
pencil for the first drawings, as it has constant width and a rubber on the
other end. The master needs to be drawn in pen so that it photocopies. Thick
lines in 0.35mm, thin lines in 0.18mm. We tried 0.13mm in '89 and things
tended to disappear on reproduction. If drawing at a very small scale you
will find that 0.35 is just too thick to be sensible and everything will have
to be 0.18. The club has Rotring isograph pens in the above sizes which have
been very reliable and have not clogged up even when left from one year to
the next. The ink these use is erasable which is obviously incredibly useful
- but note that it is much easier to rub off just after it has gone down than
a couple of days later. After being in place for a long time it will never
rub off perfectly.
<p>I recommend proper drawing office plastic film (eg. Permatrace) for
masters as it is 'dimensionally stable', tough, waterproof, more transparent
than tracing paper, and photocopies better than paper. The disadvantage is
the cost - nearly &pound;4 per A0 sheet! If using this then use the special
film rubbers designed to complement it. Also required are a scale ruler (if
you can't easily do it in your head) and a drawing board (the club doesn't
own one of these yet).
<p>So, you now have a complete survey drawn up - practically finished! Wrong.
You may be halfway through if you're lucky. Doing the cross sections and the
lettering is unbelievably time-consuming. Until someone can work out a better
way you are restricted to getting all the names printed and then cutting each
one out and sticking it on by hand. At least it's better than doing each
letter individually with Letraset.
<p>A bit more detail on this process. Use a sans-serif font which is nice and
solid. Helvetica seems to be the most suitable of the commonly available
ones. This is easy to do on a Mac, but requires some quite flash software on
a PC as they have only just noticed that there are fonts other than Courier
in PC-land. Getting all the names, and a suitable selection of question
marks, pitches, climbs, vdlbs, too tights, and cross section labels out on
someone's laserprinter should thus be quite straightforward.
<p>To align them when sticking them on use sheets of graph paper carefully
aligned and stuck onto the back of the master to give a grid. Be careful to
align the text rather than the edges of the bit of paper that contains it. To
actually do the sticking use the amazing Scotch Magic Tape. This stuff is
totally photocopier transparent, can be written on and is the right
stickiness so that you can peel it off again if you get it wrong, without
tearing anything.
<p>The tedium of adding text in this way is perhaps a good reason for
attempting to scan the image into a computer so that a drawing package can be
used to add the text. If anyone has access to a scanner then perhaps this
could be tried next year.
<p>The other 'little' thing remaining to do is the cross-sections (on the
plan at least). First you have to pore over the survey book again and decide
which ones you want, weighing various factors like how representative they
are, which ones can be sensibly fitted onto the plan, and how much
space/time/enthusiasm you have. Once you have chosen them you must mark them
all, think of a numbering system, draw them all, and number them all (in two
places, obviously). This does, of course take forever too, although it is a
task suited to distribution if you have several helpers, as each can do their
own bit and they can all be stuck on to the master later.
<p>Finally, you must get your masterpiece photocopied and reduced to both the
size people can stick on their walls, and to something that will go in the
Journal, and Caves and Caving/Descent. This proved to be extremely hard in
Cambridge, using the Xerox place next to Sainsbury's for the primary
reduction and a much cheaper copy place on the industrial estate next to
Tesco on the A45/A10 junction north of Cambridge. Having a slightly better
quality master this year may have helped but I think it was the copy shop
which just got it right first time. In Cambridge we had four visits to Xerox
with several tries each time and lots of Tippex in between.
<p>So there you are - piece of piss, and it only takes about 200 hours. If
you'll just form an orderly queue of volunteers for next year....
<p>P.S. if anyone thinks I am being dim doing things as outlined above, please tell me so. Obviously anything that improves either the quality or the efficiency is welcome.
<hr>
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Cambridge Underground 1991,
<a href="../../../jnl/1991/index.htm">Table of Contents</a><br>
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Surveying Report:<br>
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<a href="svy1.htm"> 1: Calibration</a><br>
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Other 1990 Expedition info:<br>
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<a href="index.htm">Index</a> (more detail than in this list)<br>
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<a href="log.htm">Logbook</a><br>
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<a href="report.htm">Expo Report</a> (Diary)<br>
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<a href="cavegd.htm">161 Description</a> to date (ie. 1990)<br>
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<a href="162163.htm">Entrances 162 and 163</a><br>
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<a href="newent.htm">New Entrances</a><br>
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Bosch Cordless Rotary Hammer <a href="drill.htm">Drill Report</a><br>
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